tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61805266137487930862024-02-20T11:58:49.915-08:00How to write an amazing research paperIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.comBlogger151125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-3377045681541379892020-08-25T09:58:00.001-07:002020-08-25T09:58:04.240-07:00Joy Harjo (1951--) :: Artist Poet Joy Harjo Biography EssaysSatisfaction Harjo (1951- - ) Satisfaction Foster was conceived in Tulsa, Oklahoma on May ninth, 1951 to Wynema Baker and Allen W. Cultivate. She is an enlisted individual from the Creek clan, and is additionally of Cherokee, French, and Irish plummet. Plunged from a long queue of innate pioneers on her fatherââ¬â¢s side, including Monahwee, pioneer of the Red Stick War against Andrew Jackson, she frequently joins into her verse subjects of Indian endurance in the midst of contemporary American life. In 1970, at 19 years old, with the endowments of her folks, Foster took the last name of her maternal grandma, Naomi Harjo. As she frequently credits her distant auntie, Lois Harjo, with showing her Indian character, this name change may have helped her to cement her open connection with this legacy. Albeit basically known as a writer, Harjo imagines herself as a visual craftsman. She left Oklahoma at age 16 to go to the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, initially contemplating painting. Subsequent to going to a perusing by artist Simon Ortiz, she changed her major to verse. At 17, she came back to Oklahoma to bring forth her child, Phil Dayn, strolling four squares while in labor to the Indian medical clinic in Talequah. Her girl, Rainy Dawn, was brought into the world four years after the fact in Albuquerque. For a considerable length of time, Harjo upheld herself and her youngsters with an assortment of occupations: server, administration station chaperon, medical clinic janitor, nurseââ¬â¢s aide, move educator. She at that point proceeded to win a B.A. in English from the University of New Mexico in 1976 and a M.F.A. in verse from the University of Iowaââ¬â¢s celebrated Iowa Writerââ¬â¢s Workshop in 1978. She at that point went on to a great rundown of training positions starting with the Institute of American Indian Arts and completion with her present situation with the American Indian Studies Program at the University of California at Los Angeles. Harjo is an honor winning artist many occasions over. She has won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers Circle of the Americas, the Oklahoma Book Award in 1995 for The Woman Who Fell from the Sky and in 2003 for How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems, the William Carlos Williams Award from the Poetry Society of America for and the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation for In Mad Love and War (1991), among different honors. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-43796039231093582572020-08-22T04:06:00.001-07:002020-08-22T04:06:24.516-07:00Powers Dismantle Discretionary Structures â⬠Myassignmenthelp.ComQuestion: Talk About The Powers Dismantle Discretionary Structures? Answer: Presentation In Australia, there are various types of business structures which can be decided on seeking after the business and one of these is trust[1]. A trust can be characterized as a guardian relationship present in which one is known as the settlor, who gives the other party, which is trustee, the privilege of holding the title to resources or property for profiting an outsider, which is known as a recipient. The obligations of the organization are the duty of the trustee. The trust type of business structure is built up for giving legal shields to the advantages of the settlor, for verifying that these benefits are circulated according to the desires of settlors, to lessen administrative work and spare time, and in especially examples, for maintaining a strategic distance from or diminishing the bequest assessments of inheritance[2]. The trust law was presented in 1970 by Malcolm EJ Morgan in the country, who was a bookkeeper calling wise[3]. The Australian trust law adheres to the Englis h trust law and is changed through the district and State or Territory enactments. The basis for picking the trust relies on the various points of interest which are accessible, especially regarding tax cuts to the trust type of business structure[4]. Notwithstanding, this doesn't imply that the trusts don't have any detriments; a portion of these inconveniences would be talked about later on in this conversation. In the key attributes of the trust is the prerequisite of drawing up a proper trust deed where is expressed, the way wherein a specific trust would be worked, its activities, the requirement for trustee to satisfy the regulatory undertakings in formal way and yearly, and the costly set-up of the trust. Be that as it may, the most significant angle, which pulls individuals towards trust type of business structure, is resource assurance. The standards for the trusts rely on the sort of trust which one decides on. In Australia, there are a scope of trusts which incorporates unit believes, oversaw venture believes, extraordinary incapacity trusts, beneficent trusts, and family trusts[5]. In the accompanying parts, a conversation has been carried on these various parts of trusts, where the emphasis is laid on the family trusts. Why Family Trust? A trust is esteemed as a family trust when the trusts trustee makes a family trust political race. So as to make this political race, the trust must be controlled totally by a family gathering. The term family trust is utilized to allude to an optional trust which is set in the mood for holding the benefits of the family or for directing the matter of the family[6]. When all is said in done, these are built up for charge purposes or for resource protection[7]. The Australian family trusts for the most part are set up by the individual from the family to profit the individuals from a family gathering. They could be the subject of family trust political decision, through which distinctive expense favorable circumstances are given which is passed by the trust through the family control test and the trust salary is disseminated between the recipients of the trust and these are the individuals inside such family group[8]. These trusts likewise help with ensuring the advantages of the family bunches from the liabilities of one, or a higher number of relatives, especially in the occasions like indebtedness or chapter 11 of the relatives. The family trusts give a strategy through which, the advantages of the family are given to the people in the future. In conclusion, the family trusts give a way of getting to such expense treatment which is great and which helps in verifying that all the relatives utilize the annual assessment as tax exempt edges. There are various other potential advantages in the family trust mode, which incorporates the shirking of issues like the difficulties to will upon the demise of a relative. Points of interest and Disadvantages There are various preferences in setting up a family trust. The first in such manner is the lender assurance. The advantages which are held in trust, as a rule, are shielded from the recipients lenders or that of the trustees in an individual way. In lion's share of circumstances, a trust shields the family from the liabilities of the guardians, which are by and by owed. Another key bit of leeway of family trust is insurance against relationship property claims. Now and again when the individual resources are given by a parent to their youngsters, through a will, such resources may on occasion become accessible to the accomplices of the kids. However, where the advantages are possessed by the trust or are given to the trust upon the demise of the parent, the kids can keep on getting the advantages of such resources, and as these benefits don't turn into a piece of the individual property, they can't be exposed to the cases of the accomplice of the children[9]. The property is likewise ensured, both from and for the recipients through family trust creation. Where there is a worry in regards to the capacity of the kids to deal with their monetary undertakings and a hesitance is caused to give the resources for the kids upon death, best alternative is to set up a family trust, which can be utilized by the kids in a specific way and which could thusly help in ensuring the drawn out estimation of the benefits of the family. Formation of family trust likewise helps in securing the advantages of the family for group of people yet to come, especially from the potential changes in the assessment law system. The family trusts could give the security from various types of expenses like the riches charge, which could be presented in future, or assessments like legacy duty or demise obligations. The desire of an individual can at present be changed by the court where the court charges its fundamental; however, the equivalent is impossible for trusts. L ikewise, the cutting edge trust deeds take into consideration right of variety in order to manage the progressions which are acquired the law. In conclusion, the family trusts are kept secret because of them not being enlisted publically[10]. Aside from these various focal points of making a family trust one must not overlook the changed drawbacks of settling on such method of business structure. The main disservice is the loss of responsibility for. At the point when the individual resources are moved to trust, they become the advantages of the trust and the trust has full oversight over such resources. Despite the fact that an ounce of control can be held as the force is held with respect to the arrangement and expulsion of trustees, of by being trustees themselves, it is essential to remember that the moved resources are not the advantages of the person. Also, on the off chance that the individual treats the benefits as their own, the trust has the choice of testing it as a sham[11]. At the point when a trust is framed, there is a requirement for time and expenses to be considered gathering with the yearly regulatory and bookkeeping prerequisites of the trusts. There are likewise significant expenses included with regards to building up a trust as far as cost of arrangement and cost for move of benefits. These expenses are additionally reliant upon the unpredictability of the trust, alongside the idea of the benefits which are being moved to the trust. There is additionally a need to remember the future changes in the law which could expel of cause impact to a portion of the key destinations of the arrangement of the trust. So separated from the quick advantages which can be acquired by shaping a trust, there is a need to consider the drawn out impacts of trust arrangement and its effect to settle on a choice with respect to if a trust type of business structure is favorable or disadvantageous as a business structure[12]. Assessment Features and advantage with family trust A key preferred position of the family trust is the trustees capacity for choosing the individual from whom the net gain of the trust would be appropriated yearly. The net gain of the trust can be conveyed between the recipients in such a way where the all out personal assessment which is payable on it could be limited. For the assessment purposes, a family trust is one where a legitimate family trust political race is made by the trustee and just including the wordings family trust for the sake of the trust doesn't make a family trust. The legitimate family trust political decision is made by the trustee just when they are fulfilled with respect to the pertinent tests, just as, have made a political decision in a composed way and in an affirmed structure. Upon this political race being made, the equivalent can't be renounced or changed put something aside for in exceptional situations[13]. The Family Trust Election permits the trust to acquire certain expense concessions. The family trust conveyance charge, as an exchange off, is forced when the dispersions are made out of the family gathering. The family trust conveyance charge is pertinent to the dispersions which are produced using the family confides on the off chance that the trustee appropriates capital or salary, or gives a current privilege, makes a concessional advance or permits or gives in any case with respect to the use of capital or pay of trust for not exactly the market estimation of it, to an element or to an individual which is out of the family gathering of the trust. This duty is payable by the family confides in trustee at the most noteworthy negligible rate, notwithstanding the toll of Medicare[14]. The Trustee recipient revealing standards are such guidelines which require the trustee to exhort the Australian Taxation Office, i.e., ATO with respect to some particular subtleties. These subtleties are identified with every one of the trustee recipient which is qualified for the piece of an expense favored measure of the specific trust, or remembers for their assessable pay, a piece of total compensation of duty, under the untaxed part. This specific counsel is required to be given by the due date of lodgement of family confides in charge return[15]. There is additionally the upside of capital increase charge as there is a relevance of half rebate factor which is applied on capital increases for the benefits which are held for a time of over one year. There are likewise the personal duty focal points as there is a capacity to choose t Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-37063959691867267962020-08-01T21:32:00.001-07:002020-08-01T21:32:02.440-07:00Does Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High EnergyDoes Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High Energy ADHD Print Does Your Child Have ADHD or Is It Just High Energy? By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 30, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 27, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Curtis Kim / Getty Images While many children with ADHD are, in fact, very energetic, high energy alone is not enough to warrant a diagnosis. In fact, children with some forms of ADHD are not high energy at all. ADD, for example, may manifest itself in low energy combined with inattentiveness and other symptoms. So when might a child with lots of energy be diagnosed with ADHD? In order to qualify for the diagnosis, a child must have a chronic, pervasive problem with his or her ability to regulate activity level, as well as impairment in their ability to inhibit and control impulses. Impairment of functioning or learning is key to differentiating ADHD from normal activity. If a child has high energy but is able to behave and perform well at school, they likely do not have ADHD. How to Tell: Symptoms and Signs of ADHD Hyperactivity and the other primary symptoms, impulsivity, and inattention, are really just the tip of the iceberg for kids who have ADHD. There can be additional impairments that may not be as obvious. For example: Children with ADHD often have difficulty processing information.?? With the hyperactive example, it may be that the individual has trouble slowing down enough to process information accurately. This can create problems in a classroom setting where students are expected to quickly and accurately make sense of and respond to instruction.Children with ADHD become frustrated and overwhelmed very easily and have trouble regulating their emotions.?? These symptoms can interfere with social relationships, leading to a sense of isolation and lowered self-esteem. Children with ADHD usually struggle with executive function issues like organizing, planning, prioritizing, paying attention and remembering details.?? These issues can become problematic in a range of settings. Even in after-school sports, team members are expected to come prepared, remember what they were taught, and show up on time.Children with ADHD also tend to be less mature developmentally than their same-age peers. Thus, an 11-year-old with ADHD may think and behave more like a young child than like a rising teenager. This means that even as teens, kids with ADHD may lack the judgment they need to make smart choices about friendships, risk-taking, and potentially harmful activities.?? ADHD Symptoms in Children If your child is energetic and finds it hard to sit still, they may be displaying some of the signs of ADHD. But if they are also able to control their impulses and emotions, pay attention, and respond appropriately in school and at home, they are probably just an energetic individual, and not affected by ADHD. While the core symptoms that define ADHD can include hyperactivity, along with impulsivity and inattention, not all kids (or adults) with ADHD will have these symptoms in the same way or to the same degree. You will certainly see changes in the way the symptoms manifest or present as an individual moves through different stages of life. A Word From Verywell For a child with ADHD, there is much more involved than simply being active and full of energy. Any time you have concerns about your childs development, its always a good idea to check in with your pediatrician. How to Help Kids With ADHD Stop, Listen, and Respond Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-59153118925848057662020-05-22T23:29:00.001-07:002020-05-22T23:29:03.128-07:00Synthesis Report On The Theology Of Holy Spirit Essay David Hansen Professor Wheeler Spiritual Gifts and Evangelism 29 November 2016 Synthesis Report 1) Substance: Underlying Essentials. My theology of Holy Spirit has many different roles and functions that demonstrates attributes of himself such as his own will, benevolence of his gifts to the children of God, and is the one who sustains multiple aspects in life such as having the believer walk in the Spirit (Galatians 5:16-26) and being in the midst of the creation story by proving sustainment in the creation account and assistance in the creation of man as noted by the plural of ââ¬Å"let usâ⬠when the creation account talks about the creation account (Genesis 1-3). Although Holy Spirit works and functions in the lives of beievers and is the one who was sent by Jesus as fortold by Him (cite) he works with the Father as the father is the one who sent the son, and then the son sent Holy Spirit, yet he still has a will of his own (cite), but it is important to note that he doesnââ¬â¢t go against the will of God but instead works in it (cite). There is also a clear distinction in the order of worship and crea tion accounts in reference to Holy Spirit because Holy Spirit is seen as in control as the product of Godââ¬â¢s breath brought forth creation through Holy Spirit, therefore he is powerful instead of other false gods that arenââ¬â¢t in control (Wright 18). Holy Spirit stands out as his own part of the the trnity and serves itââ¬â¢s purpose and functions as the above mentioned roles and functionsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Doctrine of the Lords Supper4641 Words à |à 19 Pagesââ¬Å"In the beginning there was a gathering.â⬠John is contemplating eternity. There in the beginning is Word, simplicity of thought, synthesis of the whole sense of deliberateness. Luke is contemplating the church temporality. There in the beginning is gathering, crowd which by picking is moving in its definitive shape in the synthesis of eternal Sense.â⬠From the report of The Last Supper we can draw out the following conclusions: 1.à à à à à The Last Supper reminds us of what Jesus has done for us. ByRead MoreMental Health Counseling6134 Words à |à 25 Pagesis also critical that counselors not force their personal beliefs or theology on the client (Curry, 2009). Another aspect of dealing with spirituality in counseling is Christian counseling. In Christian counseling, the client is the agent of change and is responsible for turning away from the contemporaneous caused of the problem (Strong, 1980). But the client receives special help because God, through the grace of the Holy Spirit, helps to facilitate change (Strong, 1980). In Christian counselingRead MoreThe Function of Criticism at the Present Time12631 Words à |à 51 Pagescriticism, and its importance at the present day. I said: Of the literature of France and Germany, as of the intellect of Europe in general, the main effort, for now many years, has been a critical effort; the endeavour, in all branches of knowledge, theology, philosophy, history, art, science, to see the object as in itself it really is. I added, that owing to the operation in English literaâËâ ture of certain causes, almost the last thing for which one would come to English literature is just that veryRead Mo reSchool Leadership Roles And Responsibilities10143 Words à |à 41 Pagessurprise, the independent t-test did not reveal any significant difference between the control group and the experimental group. Primm believes that the study revealed bias by too many educators and that further studies with student self-reporting may report substantially different results. Primm also cited that throughout the study that character education was left solely in the hands of the teachers in the classrooms and excluded administrative support. Primm believes that a study conducted over a longerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesexploration of attitudes and values. 5. Student motivation is increased, especially in adult learners. xviii PREFACE 6. Students receive immediate feedback from their instructor and peers. 7. Students are involved in higher order thinking (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). Our goals in writing this book were to bridge the academic realm of theory and research and the organizational realm of effective practice, and to help students consistently translate proven principles from both realms into personalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pageslower-level to mid-level management.6 Managers are also responsible for designing an organizationââ¬â¢s structure. We call this function organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Every organization contains people, and it is managementââ¬â¢s job to direct and coordinate those people. This is the leading function. When manag ers motivate employees, direct their activities, select the Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-53839512465035361422020-05-10T20:50:00.001-07:002020-05-10T20:50:02.443-07:00What Type of Company to CreateWhat Type of Company to Create? It is a well-known fact that many people in our society prefer to work for an employer, because it is more convenient for them: they are provided with stable salaries, day after day they fulfill well-defined functions and in the majority of cases they do not have to take responsibilities for their actions and decisions. But there are also those who would rather work for themselves. Whenever such a person decides to start his own business and to set up a company, there appears such a question: What type of a company it should be? It is extremely important to choose the one, which suits the financial condition and development strategy of the founder. The founder can decide on a sole proprietorship. It is one of the simplest types of companies. The sole proprietorship organization has a single person at the head, who owns and controls it. This type of organization doesnââ¬â¢t require a lot of money for foundation, the dissolution procedure is simple and quick and any liabilities in this kind of business are the personal liabilities of the owner. One can prefer partnership. This is a kind of company, formed between two or more people. All the founders are partners and joint owners of the entire organization. All of them are accountable for any profit, loss or liability of the company. It depends on the agreement between partners how they are going to run the company. Founders can also set up a limited liability company. An LLC is a mix of a business corporation and partnership, which provides more flexibility and gives an opportunity to blend benefits of both types. I think you will agree that there are no obstacles for those, who want to act and earn money. Everything you need to start your own business is a strong desire, an interesting idea and some money. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-8561540015653867402020-05-06T10:58:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:58:24.872-07:00The Unique Film-making of Tim Burton Free Essays Tim Burton uses diegetic sounds, lighting, and high angles to express his creative cinematic style. He uses these various techniques to show how he differs from other directors styles. His choice of using these techniques relates back to his childhood, Burton was a reclusive child and very different while growing up. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unique Film-making of Tim Burton or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the movies Edward Scissorhands and The Corpse Bride, he applies these various techniques. In the movie Edward Scissorhands, Burton uses diegetic sounds to foreshadow upcoming events in the movie. He uses the snip of the scissors when Peg, the Avon lady, was in the what seemed deserted mansion to foreshadow what/who Edward was relating to the scissors. Also in Edward Scissorhands, he used the diegetic chopping of the lettuce to accompany a flashback of Edwards past. This helped us understand more about Edward and how he became to be. In The Corpse Bride, Burton uses the diegetic sounds of Victorââ¬â¢s vows to also foreshadow the upcoming events with the corpse bride. Later on in that scene he used the cracking sound of the hand of Emily to show that she was now ââ¬Å"aliveâ⬠. The ââ¬Å"I doâ⬠of Emily was included to show that Victor was now ââ¬Å"marriedâ⬠to Emily. Tim Burton used a series of various types of lighting in the movies Edward Scissorhands, and The Corpse Bride. In Edward Scissorhands, he used a lot of high key lighting in the town, which had very bright pastel colors. He also used high key in the jail during the conversation between Edward and Peg. He used this so we, as the audience, could focus on the scene playing out. In Corpse Bride, How to cite The Unique Film-making of Tim Burton, Essay examples Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-72101870655571289522020-04-30T01:30:00.001-07:002020-04-30T01:30:05.132-07:00The Anthro-connection an Example byThe Anthro-connection It is the case that anthropology concerns itself with the study of man in his various facets, by synthesizing the methods of natural sciences in analyzing the various social and psychological phenomena of humans. In addition anthropology not only examines the human being in his cultural and historical undertakings but also in due consideration of the biological aspects of the individual that synthesizes and embeds man in his social reality and physical environment; this perhaps is the strongest link it establishes between the social and natural science. Need essay sample on "The Anthro-connection" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In anthropological linguistics for example, the concern is not only how language functions in society but also analyzes how biology, cognition and language overlaps and determines human relations and identity. An analysis of a language as it coincides within in a particular culture has to investigate to a certain extent the significance of bio-racial diversity in order to determine the roots of the certain linguistic pattern such a culture adapted. Physical Anthropology focuses mainly on the biological evolution, variation, and development of humans. The latter cannot be considered as a mere subject of experimentation but requires still the employment of a social science perspective in which biology can be altered based on social and historical growth and progress(Tosaw). As a study and reconstruction of ancient human behavior, archaeology utilizes scientific methods in recovery and dating of found data. Learning and understanding fossils requires that they take into consideration human anatomy and physiology in order to determine decay and structure (at the least). Cultural anthropology can still be linked anthropologically to natural science since in cultures it is the case that there are certain environmental and biological features present that determines or influences a societys culture (Yamada). Take for example, the function of reproduction that may create a norm of heterosexuality which is a cultural/social construct as a derivative of natural sexuality, this may result to the closed view of a culture towards homosexuality. Works Cited: Tosaw, Ronald. "Evolution Happens". 2006. (August 13, 2007): evolutionhappens.net. http://www.evolutionhappens.net/ Yamada, Yutaka. "Cultural Anthropology". n.d. Athja.com. August 13 2007. http://www.anthja.com/CA3.html Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-37875993012944105542020-03-20T23:53:00.001-07:002020-03-20T23:53:02.664-07:00Free Essays on Trading PlacesTrading Places: Raymond Carverââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Neighborsâ⬠Many people would love to be someone else, but if they actually trade places are they happy with the lifestyle they are living now? In his short story, ââ¬Å"Neighbors,â⬠Raymond Carver provides the answer to this question. In this story, Carver shows many examples of a married couple trying to play the role of their neighbors while theyââ¬â¢re away on a trip. Indeed, three important actions shown are: the husband Bill looks at himself in the bathroom, he nibbles on food in the kitchen, and he rummages through the closet and drawers of his neighborââ¬â¢s apartment. Analysis of these elements in this short story connects with someone greatly admiring someoneââ¬â¢s lifestyle. Readers should take heed of this important text as a bearer of admiration because it is not always good to try to portray someone else. Bill looking in the bathroom mirror of his next door neighbor is an important action of him actually thinking heââ¬â¢s living their lifestyle. For example, he grabs a bottle of pills that belong to the wife Harriet, reads the label directions and slips it into his pocket. But before doing so, ââ¬Å"he looked at himself in the mirror and then closed eyes and then looked againâ⬠(Carver 64). Bill closing his eyes means that this imposing character is imagining that when he opens his eyes he will be one of the people living next door to him. As if he actually had to confirm that as long as he is in his neighborââ¬â¢s home he is one of them. After looking at himself in the neighborââ¬â¢s bathroom he couldnââ¬â¢t picture himself. He had to portray one of them or otherwise he would not be acting out his actual fantasy of doing things like his neighborââ¬â¢s. The concentration drives him to actually put the pills in his pocket as if later on during the day he wou ld have to swallow the pill as if that is what the wife would do on a daily basis. Bill nibbles on food in the kitchen of the next ... Free Essays on Trading Places Free Essays on Trading Places Trading Places: Raymond Carverââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Neighborsâ⬠Many people would love to be someone else, but if they actually trade places are they happy with the lifestyle they are living now? In his short story, ââ¬Å"Neighbors,â⬠Raymond Carver provides the answer to this question. In this story, Carver shows many examples of a married couple trying to play the role of their neighbors while theyââ¬â¢re away on a trip. Indeed, three important actions shown are: the husband Bill looks at himself in the bathroom, he nibbles on food in the kitchen, and he rummages through the closet and drawers of his neighborââ¬â¢s apartment. Analysis of these elements in this short story connects with someone greatly admiring someoneââ¬â¢s lifestyle. Readers should take heed of this important text as a bearer of admiration because it is not always good to try to portray someone else. Bill looking in the bathroom mirror of his next door neighbor is an important action of him actually thinking heââ¬â¢s living their lifestyle. For example, he grabs a bottle of pills that belong to the wife Harriet, reads the label directions and slips it into his pocket. But before doing so, ââ¬Å"he looked at himself in the mirror and then closed eyes and then looked againâ⬠(Carver 64). Bill closing his eyes means that this imposing character is imagining that when he opens his eyes he will be one of the people living next door to him. As if he actually had to confirm that as long as he is in his neighborââ¬â¢s home he is one of them. After looking at himself in the neighborââ¬â¢s bathroom he couldnââ¬â¢t picture himself. He had to portray one of them or otherwise he would not be acting out his actual fantasy of doing things like his neighborââ¬â¢s. The concentration drives him to actually put the pills in his pocket as if later on during the day he wou ld have to swallow the pill as if that is what the wife would do on a daily basis. Bill nibbles on food in the kitchen of the next ... Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-22619456115120118112020-03-04T15:39:00.001-08:002020-03-04T15:39:03.001-08:00The Noun is Plea, the Verb is PleadThe Noun is Plea, the Verb is Plead The Noun is ââ¬Å"Plea,â⬠the Verb is ââ¬Å"Pleadâ⬠The Noun is ââ¬Å"Plea,â⬠the Verb is ââ¬Å"Pleadâ⬠By Maeve Maddox Some writers are using plead as a noun. Its a verb. One meaning of the verb plead as a legal term is To put forward any allegation or formal statement forming part of the proceedings in an action at law. In general use, the verb plead means to make an earnest appeal, entreaty, or supplication; to beg, implore. The noun plea has similar legal and general meanings: plea: 1. A suit or action at law; the presentation of an action in court. An urgent, emotional request, an entreaty; (also) an unarticulated appeal. Used as a verb in place of plead, plea can be regarded as a regionalism (Chiefly Eng. regional [north.], and Sc. Now also U.S.): If you plea guilty and then later in another hearing say th(at you didnt do it, can you be charged with perjury? example of U.S. usage in OED Using the verb form plead for the noun plea, however, is jarringly nonstandard: A Plead to Sinners title of a poem on a religious site A plead to ban homophobia headline on a college site A plead for help part of a blog title In each of these examples, the word wanted is plea. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had80 Idioms with the Word Time20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-33555250956394576432020-02-17T07:05:00.001-08:002020-02-17T07:05:03.233-08:00Discuss the main components that you need to write a wireless LAN EssayDiscuss the main components that you need to write a wireless LAN security policy. How such a policy would be different from a - Essay Example A sample Wireless information security policy can be found in this link http://www.sans.org/security-resources/policies/Wireless_Communication_Policy.pdf . II. Essential Components of a Wireless Security Policy Essential components of the Wireless Security Policy are the mandatory change of password for the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). The Wireless Security Policy also includes a list of standard devices allowed to connect to the wireless local area network. Since it would be easier to diagnose a problem including the implementation of solutions when there are less variables to consider. Wired local area network IP addresses in some instances can be dynamic for each of the devices connected to the local area network. However, in the wireless local area network static IP are assigned to MAC address to ensure that only authorized devices connects to the local area network. Since the possibility of security breaches or infiltration are higher using the wireless local area network the s ecurity policy normally do not allow devices intending to connect to the wireless local area network to access beyond a finite area. Most often this area is not accessible to normal human traffic from outside the perimeter of the organizationââ¬â¢s property. ... This is to ensure that no rider or malicious codes accompany the authentication process of the wireless device as it connects to the wireless local area network. In some instances the organizationââ¬â¢s wireless security policy only allows the devices supplied by the organization to connect to its wireless local area network. The security policy also mandates that the local virus protection system of the wireless devices is up to date. III. The Difference of Wireless and Wired LAN Security Policy The policy governing wireless communication in a local area network is different in the sense that. Wireless devices that can attach to a network are mobile or can be taken out of the premises of the organization while devices that are wired to the Local Area Network of the organization cannot be taken out of the office without arousing any suspicion. Wired connection can easily be inventoried and accounted for using network management software. Devices that are connected to the wireless devices of the local area network are dynamic connections that can move around and be at certain locations that are within the range of the wireless router. The possibility of infiltration and data theft is not only probable but very likely since the shortest effective range of a wireless router can include areas that are beyond the visual range of security forces of the organization. While the devices connected to the wired local area network are secure and static within the company premises. The manners in which devices connect to the wired local area network are managed and administered are entirely different with the way devices connect to the wireless Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-2542732944275390982020-02-03T05:53:00.001-08:002020-02-03T05:53:02.384-08:00Activities of KKD in the International Market EssayActivities of KKD in the International Market - Essay Example The paper tells that Krispey Kreme stores are located in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, The Philippines, South Korea and United Kingdom. In fiscal 2007, 60 new international stores were opened, while 5 international stores were closed down. Krispey Kreme concentrates on their development effort, primarily in Asia and Middle East. In 2007, The Krispey Kreme was awarded the development rights in the Middle East, Hong Kong, Tokyo, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The developments and franchise agreements for these territories provide for the development of in these regions 200 stores. The International Franchise division consists of the companyââ¬â¢s global store franchise activities. Worldwide franchise stores trade in doughnuts and complementary products, exclusively through the appropriate sales channel as in the case of Krespey Kreme direct outlets, using the same store formats as in the company stores segment. The International Franchise division also uses a kiosk format for the effective operation. The North Carolina-based Krispy Kreme has come to Asia. The KKD opened its first shop in Hong Kong and then in Indonesia. Tokyo, Manila and Macau outlets were opened as they expanded their business in Asia. For the other part of the continent, KKD opened outlets in Kuwait; with an eye on is setting up this fall in Kuwait with additional shops planned for the Saudi Arabia, Egypt and United Arab Emirates. Hong Kong and other Asian countries are relatively easier targets now, than it were it were a few years ago. External Environment of Krispey Kreme: In the US market, Krispy Kreme faces completion in baking industry. Krispey Kreme production includes breads, pies, doughnuts, cakes and coffee. The competition is exceedingly high and so firms must be able to provide cheap, differentiated products to the purchaser who needs them for low switching costs. In America, the people are busy and they always go for the fast food which makes t hem fatty and diabetic. Now the people are aware of this problem, and they are choosy in food as well as taste. In international market, the Dunkinââ¬â¢s Donuts is the main competitor for the Krispey Kreme donuts because it offers or similar lines products to the customers. The Dunkinââ¬â¢s donuts have a reputation in international market as they only introduced the first zero gram fatty products for the customers. The Asian franchises sell doughnuts only at their outlets aiming at monopoly. KKDââ¬â¢s business in the United States actually concentrates on wholesale business. Krispy Kreme has appended its base in the US by supplementing them with other items, in supermarkets and convenience stores. The Challenges: 1)à à à à à Competitive: KrispyKreme functions in the area of expertise eatery business; on the other hand they compete with all outlets that a customer can access with the intention of satisfying usage for snacks, coffee, or treat-based objects. These o utlets consist of other area of expertise eateries, fast food outlets, local expediency stores, and other retail atmospheres that store coffee and other beverages. With regard to their core merchandise, Krispy Kreme also has to compete with unbranded doughnut producers that are sold through supermarkets and doughnut vans. 2)à à à à à Economic/Financial: The continued financial recession is destined to tighten customerââ¬â¢s expenditure. As Krispy Kreme is a non-necessary food article this may pressure sales. Price rises is not the target of Bank of England as there is upward stress on long-term rates of interest all over UK. An increase in interest rates will enhance the price of capital and denote more luxurious borrowing for Krispy Kreme, which is deeply engaged in competition with its rivals. 3)à à à à à Physical Environment: Due to the increase in rivalry, it is vital for Krispy Kreme to pursue the real trends and be a step Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-59989934332080304502020-01-26T02:17:00.001-08:002020-01-26T02:17:04.849-08:00Impact Of Mobile Phone On Work LifeImpact Of Mobile Phone On Work Life Impact of mobile phone on work-life balance of field workers Abstract This research report is an exploratory study of impact of mobile phone on work performance, productivity and personal life of field workers. Are field workers able to take the advantage of mobile phone and related new technologies to improve their work life balance or they finding it difficult to manage their work and personal life due to use of mobile phone? This research is an attempt to understand the impact of mobile phone and related new technologies on their work life balance. Introduction The success of western economies is much more depends upon the efficiency and output of the field workers (Drucker, 1999). According to him field workers are also called as knowledge workers. A knowledge worker mainly works away from the desk and works in technical services and spend more time with clients and dealers whereas field workers also works away from desk and deals with the customers service. Many organisations provide equipped handy mobile devices to field workers which allow them to access the various applications and chance to communicate with the office workers and clients during field work. Work life balance is defined as creating a productive and fruitful work environment where tension between work and personal life is minimised (State service commission NZ, 2005). It means perfect combination of participation in paid work and unpaid work (personal life, social responsibilities and family work). Work life balance is all about implementation of policies which will helpful for workers and staff to maintain their healthy and satisfying lifestyle which will leads to improve performance and productivity of the worker. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of mobile phone on work life balance of field workers. This study is design to provide detail analysis of use of mobile phone during work time and off time and its impact on work and personal life of workers. Applying work life balance in organisation is very important to develop the productivity of workers. It is broadly consider that mobile phone and internet are distorting margins among workplace and personal life. Some researchers believe that mobile phone is threat to the modern life, whereas other considers it as a new opportunity to maintain work life and family life (Wajcman et al., 2008). No other device has been spread drastically amongst the people than mobile phone but its social and personal impact is not clearly known. This research report is base for assessing impact of mobile phone on work life balance of field workers. Mobile phones and field workers In 1990s, first time GE and CompuCom organisations provided mobile phones and laptops to their field workers and sales representatives and made them mobile workforce (Pepe, 1999). The main motive of these organisations of ââ¬Ëgoing mobile was to make their field workers more productive and improve their ability to use dead time while traveling. As a result, field workers can check voice mails and can give call back in their spare time like waiting at airport, train stations. In the past few years mobile technology changed very dramatically. According to Jarvenpaa and Langs (2008) mobile technology is combination of communication, hardware and software handheld IT devices which includes PDAs, mobile phones and other integrated wireless devices enterprises like Blackberry. Mobile phone allows field workers for more bendable plans and gives independence to work from anywhere and anytime. Demand of work life balance is very sizzling topic amongst the various organisations to improve the productivity of workers. In 1980s the importance and need of females and field workers is recognised by organisations like Deloitte Touche and Merck. IBM started to change the policies like maternity leaves, EAPs (Employee Assistance Programme), home based work and child care policies to improve work life balance of female workers and field workers (Pepe, 1999). The Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a survey in 2004 with more than 1500 field workers on mobile phone practices in field work (Belen, 2009). More than 75% field workers proposed that tools like email, text messages and voice calls help them to improve their productivity and availability on the job. They also described other benefits like faster decision making, real time information and flexibility. However flexibility on the field work means not an opportunity for the field workers to maintain their work life balance (Taylor 2003; Rood 2005). The Economic Intelligence Unit also found some disadvantages of the mobile phone practice amongst the field workers like trouble in managing their work home balance (Belen, 2009). According to Jarvenpaa and Langs (2008) mobile phone also brings some disadvantages to the life of field workers like ââ¬Å"less personal timeâ⬠and incapability to isolate themselves from the work during there off time. In other research by Schlosser (2002) where he interviewed with field workers and he found common disadvantage of being mobile leads to increase in expectation of availability. Increase in expectations indirectly increases workload and responsibility on the workers. They also feel compulsory to respond to the calls from their subordinates and managers (Davis, 2002). Due to more expectation of availability and quick response to work allied problems in weekends may indirectly affect the work life balance and may increase frustration amongst the workers (Jarvenpaa, Lang, et al 2003). Impact of mobile phone on work Lyytinen and Yoo (2002) published the research on work environment for organisations and individuals in which they proposed the impact of mobile phone and other wireless technology must have to be calculated by considering performance of team and output of the workers. There are many theories are available to measure the adoption of new technology and its impact on individuals. On the basis of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) theory Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst (2005) conducted a research and they proposed some important aspect of impact of mobile phones on field workers. Improved job performance: Most of the interviewees explained that use of mobile phone helped them for quick communication process and better decision making while working on field which helped them to boost their job performance. Improved productivity: According to the 45% field workers mobile phone with the multiple function and internet access improved their productivity. Instead of waiting for client or customer they can use their dead time for other task like checking and sending emails, new updates and cold calling. They also described the benefit of real time information due to use of mobile phone as they can attained meeting with the latest and updated data and information. Faster task accomplishment:Use of mobile phone and new technological devices enables field workers to complete their task faster and in effective way. Rather than going back to the office or desk to complete task field workers get independence of physical location to complete the work (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). Greater work control:As per the field workers who spend more time with customers and clients agreed that mobile phone with internet gave them greater work control. Improved consulting process: As per the Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, (2005) interviewees gave the reason that why they can meet more customers face to face on work fields, because these devices like mobile phone with internet facility enable them more responsive to the customers queries and communications. Improved collaboration:field workers agreedthat mobile phone reduced their communication gap with other team mates and improved their collaboration on consulting team. Other field workers propose that collaboration improved due to easy way of transferring private electronic files and personal work related documents. Make job easier:Not every fieldworker agreed on this statement that use of mobile phone make their job easier. Some found it easier to complete work but difficult to maintain their personal and family life and some found it as easy to maintain personal life but tough in field work. Recently, AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) published a survey in 2008 which was conducted within 2189 individuals in Australia on impact of mobile phone work life balance of Australian workers (Wajcman et al., 2007). They found some interesting things about impact of mobile phone on Australian workers. The key points are as follows, 20% field worker said that its impossible for them to work without mobile phone. 75% field workers feels secure on field job with mobile phone. Two third of the male field worker switch off their mobile phone on weekdays to avoid being disturbed by office work. More than half interviewees agreed that use of mobile phone increased their productivity. Impact of mobile phone on field workers Personal and family life:According toBreu, Hemingway and Ashurst (2005) half of the field workers agreed that use of mobile phones helps them to maintain their personal and family life. Mobile phone allowed them to become in touch with family during field work and they can easily communicate with the family members in emergency and normal cases. In contrast some field workers described that use of mobile phone impact negatively on their work life balance. Some workers found very difficult to balance their family and personal life with work life due to availability of mobile phone. Mental stress:Due toincrease in expectation of availability and instant response to the work related issues during personal time increases the mental stress on field workers which finally result in work life imbalance. 34% field workers said that it is very difficult to isolate them with work on off days due to the mobile phone which sometime increases their mental stress (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). Frustration: According totheEconomic Intelligence Unit survey, receiving calls on weekend and off time make workers frustrate mainly in case of women field workers (Belen, 2009). The author also proposed that women field workers are very specific about their work time and family time. Commitment and loyalty: State service commission NZ (2005) published a report on work life balance where it states that organisation provides various facilities to their workers like mobile phone, internet facility, increment, holiday pays. This kind of rewards and facilities increases the feeling of commitment in workers and it forced workers to responds quickly and even on off time. According to report workers also feel more pressurised due to their commitment and loyalty to the organisation. AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) found some interesting things about impact of mobile phone on Australian workers (Wajcman et al., 2007). The key finding of survey is as follows, 40% workers admitted that mobile increase their work load and 55% respond with neutral effect. More than 50% field workers respond that mobile phone helps their work life balance and very few workers said that negative impact of mobile phone on work life balance. As per the survey 60% male field workers has separate mobile phone for work and private use. 58% female field workers said that work calls on weekdays and off time disturbed them and increase their mental stress. As per the figure 1 and 2, Wajcman et al. (2007) described that around 20% male field workers found job difficult without having mobile phone. 30% male field workers found job very easy without mobile phone and even this percentage increases in female field workers up to 50%. Very few field workers said that their work life balance decrease a lot due to mobile phone. In contrast more than 50% workers said that there is no change in their work life balance. Around 40% field workers agreed that use of mobile phone somewhat increases their work life balance. Mobile phone and work family issues 1) Security of the children Most of the workers care about their childrens while work especially in case of female field workers. According to State service commission NZ (2005) survey 72% workers purchased mobile phone for their children to monitor their action. Mobile phone makes field workers more relax about childrens security on field because they know they can contact their children anytime anywhere (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). 2) In consistently separated couple relationship Field workers who lived consistently away from wife or family regarding job, mobile phone plays pivotal role in maintaining their relationship. In many cases where field workers are physically apart from their partner but with the help of mobile phone they can stay closer. According to the AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) survey 80% female field workers agreed that mobile phone plays very important role in their relationship when they are apart from each other (Wajcman et al., 2007). 3) Family household coordination Lowry Moskos (2005) proposed that mobile phone and new technology can bring better coordination in work and family of the field workers. As per AMTA survey all workers gave some important points on question that, how mobile phone assist family and household coordination? In reply workers said, get-together of family members, picnic planning, sending good and gifts, general information like when they will reach at home are some important things they can manage through mobile phone when they are on work and they can manage their family household coordination (Wajcman et al., 2007). Tethering effect of mobile phone on work life balance 1) Negative effect National Institute of Labour Studies, Australia published a research on tethering effect of mobile phone on work life balance. In this study they interviewed various filed workers depending upon occupation like electrician, estate agents, trade persons and ITC workers (Lowry Moskos, 2005). In this research all field workers explained their personal experience stating that how mobile phone impact their work life balance. Most of the ITC workers and estate agents said that there personal time were occupied due to mobile phone. Estate agents shared their personal experience and said that mobile phone interrupted his home life. For example, their mobile phone rung at midnight or early in the morning regarding property queries. One estate agent admitted that his wife hates his mobile phone when it rings in the night. He also proposed that his small childrens also get disturbed due to mobile phone in the night (Lowry Moskos, 2005). More than six electricians said that they have work based mobile phones and they can be fined on ignoring the work related calls. These penalties may include lost wages, and warnings from managers (Lowry Moskos, 2005). According to National Institute of Labour Studies not only field workers suffered from work related calls in night but their partners also get disturbed. One electrician said that he gets two or three work related calls in the night and he is tolerated to these calls. But his partner felt hard to sleep again after getting disturbed and lack of sleep affecting his job performance (Lowry Moskos, 2005). For all of the surveyed occupational groups mobile phone brings some emotional problems into their personal life. However no one agreed that mobile phone reduces their job performance and productivity. 2) Positive effect National Institute of Labour Studies also found some positive effects of mobile phone according to field workers. Some ITC workers described that they were beneficiated by mobile phone (Lowry Moskos, 2005). Some positive effects described in survey are as follows, Field workers can contact with their family even if they are on work. Some electrician said they can hide behind mobile phone like they can pretend that they are busy in meeting or they are driving a car. According to estate agent they can contact with many clients on mobile phone when it is impossible to meet them personally. All interviewees agreed that they can easily contact with their subordinates and managers while field work. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-66434181452714290922020-01-17T22:39:00.001-08:002020-01-17T22:39:04.222-08:00A Report on Conversation Analysis TechniquesConversation analysis, usually abridged as CA, is a general method to the review of dialogues. It is the evaluation of the discourse in communication in almost all aspects of discussions on a daily basis. In all of these, we can say that ââ¬Å"talk makes things happenâ⬠. The CA commonly tries to depict the organization of composition and chronological arrangement of interaction. As we can notice in the transcription, it can be taken into account as a naturalized transcription, where statements are recorded in as much feature as viable, most frequently observed in conversation analysis investigation.In trying to understand this particular transcription, it is a fundamental approach of CA that the action, which the partakers articulates, will depend not only on its verbal communication manner, but also on its position in the series, on the framework, on the distinctiveness of the presenter, and many others. Recently, the CA techniques of sequential examination have been in work b y phoneticians to delve into the good phonetic aspect of speech. Some of the basic techniques and methods are the following: Turn-taking Organization This is a technique wherein a talk is made in and via turns.Turn-taking is a means by which interrelating people apportion the privilege or responsibility to take part in the diversion of an exchange of ideas. In accordance with CA, the turn-taking scheme is made up of two mechanisms which are the turn constructional component and the turn allocation component. These techniques for dialogues were recognized inductively during pragmatic study of copies of demonstrations where discourse members chat one by one. This can be observed in the quoted part of transcription in which the people conversing take their turns alternately.ââ¬Å"1. R: Hello Julia! How are you? Long time no see. 2. J: Yeah! Hi! How are you Richard? 3. R: I am good. I am good. I've been away for a few weeks. I have been with my father at workâ⬠The turn constructi onal component illustrates principal elements which achieve identifiable common dealings. It can be remarked that not every factor types may exist in all languages. Besides, it is likely that there are parts in other vernaculars, such as units in Asian speech that may not be present in English, French, and many other languages.This may be identified by an alteration in the tone or loudness of the expression, the last part of a syntactic element of speech, a brief stillness or stop, or a few variety of body movement. Changeover linking the participants typically takes place at such a situation. However, this component is not applied in the transition since the two chatting participants have a common set of language. While the turn allocation component expresses how chances to speak are shared by the presenters in a discussion. This can be used by directing, referring to a name, applying eye contact, etc.; and is evident in the transcription since Julia addresses Richard through using his name. Sequence Organization This affects how events are arranged in discussion. This comprises adjacency pairs and pre-sequences. Adjacency pairs are described with chats that are inclined to come about in reactive pairs; though, they may be divided over a succession of turns. Participants talk about a switch over of views and compliments because a lot of spoken deeds entitle a specific sort of vocal reaction as an immediate reply.Other dealings appeal for a dissimilar kind of accomplishment such as requests with approvals or refusals. Pre-sequences, on the other hand, employ chains of conversation prior to resolute chat. They arise when certain initial act is taken ahead of starting the primary element of an adjacency pair. Prior to uttering a demand, for example, it regularly creates meaning to make sure whether the other character has the thing one desires. In the transcription, a question-answer pair can be cited which sets up a request-approval.ââ¬Å"52. R: Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J: = Of course! =â⬠Preference organization This technique coincides with the sequence organization technique since it also involves preferences for a number of act categories in the channel of communication over other dealings. The modes in which the two classes of collective actions are fulfilled successively are referred to as preferred and dispreferred. The idea of predilection of communicators induces their understanding of spoken acts.A hush in response to an appeal, as an example, may be taken as substantiation of a possible imminent unfavored answer or a disclaimer. However, this technique is not applied in the transcription since there is no request that was approved or rejected. Alignment For a discourse to flow easily and efficiently, the orderliness of exchanges must be directed well and must follow a particular trajectory. The reaction to a remark normally offers a form of explanation of the previous statement and so signifies the alignment.Appraisals such as ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s goodâ⬠, inscriptions such as ââ¬Å"Oh, wow! â⬠, formulations like providing the general idea of what has been said, and two-way final points of the presenterââ¬â¢s statements, all supply confirmations of how the dialogue of the conversing persons is being comprehended. Repairs are used to mend a failure of discussion and reinstate alignment. Failures can be misinterpretations like ââ¬Å"What did you say? ââ¬Å"; ââ¬Å"What do you mean? â⬠as well as discords like ââ¬Å"I think youââ¬â¢re wrongâ⬠, denunciation such as ââ¬Å"No, I wonââ¬â¢tâ⬠and other complexity.Revisions may occur when the speaker can anticipate that trouble is likely and reformulates talk accordingly. Alignment is especially important at the openings and closings of conversation. ââ¬Å"13. R: I am so glad i am not having any busy= 15. J: =Ohhhâ⬠¦. heheheâ⬠¦. I do not think soâ⬠¦. I hate exams (laughs)â⬠Response Tokens Like spontaneous verbal communication, there are other units of language that, while not fairly terms, are nonetheless type of speech. Yet in this case, they are on purpose. Among the more ordinary of these are Hm, Ok, Ah, Yeah,Um, Uh, and Uh huh or Nuh uh.Words such as Ok, or Uh huh are utilized to document conformity with the presenter. Acknowledgements in another view, such as Mm and Yeah, express concurrence or awareness between the conversing persons like in this quote from the transcription ââ¬Å"140. R: Yeah, I understand enough 141. J: Ah, Ok. â⬠And another is a repair, such as Huh, that ask the presenter to repeat or to put in another way a thought or an inquiry. In several state of affairs, tokens function to tote up more facet and feeling to what the presenter is aiming to convey. Speech actsIn using this method, words do not basically subsist; but are brought into play to carry out points. Forming a claim is plainly one idea that can be undertaken by speech. A wide-ranging assumption of sense must be founded on the knowledge of these meanings and their circumstances of practice. This speech acts become more and more helpful in substance detection and classification of contribution of dialogues through verbal communication and content they are composed of five groups namely the commissives, directives, assertives, expressives, and declarations.Commisives are used to entrust the presenter to different strategies such as a assurance like ââ¬Å"I will not impart to anyone what you have just found outâ⬠, proposal like ââ¬Å"91. J: eh (. ) Could you say that again? â⬠or hand over a guarantee such as in the transcript ââ¬Å"19. J: â⬠¦ but when I finish I will go out. â⬠Directives, conversely, try to make the addressee get something done such as a demand like ââ¬Å"Please tell me moreâ⬠, an instruction like ââ¬Å"Tell me about thatâ⬠, a suggestion like ââ¬Å"122. R: I suggest you to go to the Nort h, it is very beautifulâ⬠, a permission like ââ¬Å"You can share that if you wish.â⬠, and a query like in the transcription ââ¬Å"50. R: Will you be with your family in the south? â⬠.On the contrary, assertives try to show the addresserââ¬â¢s principle of the firm subject matter of the statement such as stating and describing like ââ¬Å"97. J: But I want to look for a job but not in Spain, in another country to improve my skillsâ⬠, predicting like ââ¬Å"It will surely rain tomorrowâ⬠, and speculating like ââ¬Å"I wonder whether it will rain tomorrowâ⬠as referred to in the transcription. Next are expressives which try to put across the addresserââ¬â¢s mental state such as a compliment like ââ¬Å"268.R: Oh perfect!â⬠¦ â⬠, an apology like ââ¬Å"228. J: Ah! Sorry sorry on Saturdayâ⬠, a welcome like ââ¬Å"215. R: It's nice to see you againâ⬠, gratitude like ââ¬Å"Thanks very much! ââ¬Å", and greetings like ââ¬Å"245. M: Hello Richard Hello Juliaâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ as recorded. And lastly are declarations which are executed by an aptly authoritative addresser such as dismissing like ââ¬Å"You are now fired! â⬠, settling on like ââ¬Å"You are liable on this from this day forwardâ⬠and condemning like ââ¬Å"I sentence you to six years in prisonâ⬠; although these declarations are not present in the transcription. PragmaticsIn linguistics and semiotics, this is involved in connecting the descriptive difference between sentence gist and the presenterââ¬â¢s denotation. The analysis of how the milieu affects the version is in this case imperative. In this setting, the perspective stands for any feature as linguistic, factual, or personal that influences the real construal of symbols and terminologies. Pragmatics is concerned for the most part in utterances, typically in the structure of discussions, and a peculiarity is incorporated in it between sentence meaning and presentersââ¬â¢ way of articulating their thoughts and feelings.Additionally, it is considered as one of the most thought-provoking facets for communication novices to be able to ascertain and gain knowledge of, but it is believed that one can only actually master it with acquiring knowledge with experience. Sentence meaning is the verbatim sense of the sentence, while the speaker gist is the bits and pieces of details or facts that the presenters are making an effort to convey. In the transcription, the speakers made use of a readily understandable language, with the use of direct words and statements, and without having any symbolisms or codes.But there are some kinds of omissions or shortcuts of the speakersââ¬â¢ sentences and some repetition of statements for emphasis. But in spite of those things, both presenters have the aptitude to comprehend what the addresser means to say. Overlaps This method expresses findings of coinciding and intersecting views, with beginning and end of overlapping rem arks. The addressee eventually gets the main idea conveyed by the initial speaker right away, even if the speaker is not able to finish or complete his or her sentence, so overlapping of statements occurs.This can be seen in this quote from the transcription. ââ¬Å"52. R: Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J: = Of course! =â⬠In this case, the benefit of this columnar format over the more ordinary type of transcription is that it illustrates how communicational symmetries or asymmetries are present between conversational participants. As a conclusion, we can deduce that transcription is indeed an influential act of representation. This account can impinge on how the information is conceptualized.The transcription procedure must be integrated more thoroughly into qualitative study frameworks and techniques. Phases of contemplation at fundamental patterns and performance details of dialogues may generate an important training and implementation in marking of bo th the course of action of study and partakersââ¬â¢ speech a distinction. The goal of translating examiners is to figure out and communicate the manner by which the members appreciate their dealings that brings into being the occurrence of social actuality.Complementary to other philosophies, the conversation analysis techniques which are applied to the transcription barely appraise natural discourse. The investigation upholds that it is feasible to interpret a talk based on the record alone. Even if we had been taking notes while it was happening, we can't be sure we'd got things down accurately, and we'd probably have missed quite a lot. And if we hadn't been taking notes, then relying on later recall is doubly risky. We'd be battling against the everyday mistakes of memory as well. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-73526454606349372672020-01-09T19:02:00.001-08:002020-01-09T19:02:03.999-08:00The Article Wild Mushrooms On The Winter - 855 Words Tamales In the article ââ¬Å"Wild mushrooms in the winter,â⬠tells a story about food and how the process of cooking makes her remember some people that are not alive. She makes the point that flavors and smells are not just that, flavors sometimes have tehe ability to transport you to memories. My own experience with flavors, odor, and taste yields a point that is similar. What I take away from my own experience with food is that even the smell of a certain food can transport you to the most significant occasion. As a result, I found that certain foods have the power to transport to a special moment, some of them even make me feel the sensation of nostalgia. Food is most of the times cataloged as a simple object that reliefs the emptiness of our stomach. And it is, but ità ´s not only that, food is the biggest pleasure humans have. Food has the power to transport to moments in the past, the most special ones. In my case, tamales are my favorite; I could eat them in any season of the year, but they would not taste the same. In my family, it is a tradition to prepare them the day before ââ¬Å"noche buena,â⬠which in Mexico is celebrated the 24 of December. I prepare them with my mom, sisters, and sometimes some of my aunts. The process to prepare them is easy, the hard part is to get all the ingredients in that season of the year. Just as hard as it is to get my sisters and me together for Christmas. The most essential and original thing about tamales are the corn leaves.Show MoreRelatedProspects of Mushroom Farming at Savar Upazila in Dhaka5745 Words à |à 23 PagesAssignment on PROSPECTS OF MUSHROOM FARMING AT SAVAR UPAZILA IN DHAKA A term paper submitted in fulfillment of the requirements in the course of Bangladesh Studies Submitted by Mir Arman, 0822BBA00938 Md. Rakebul Hasan, 0822BBA00904 Mostafizar Rahman, 0822BBA00946 Md. Ashikur Rahman, 0822BBA00950 Course code: GED 202 Course Title: Bangladesh Studies Summer Semester, 2009 Under the Supervision Of Md. Abu Hassan Faruk Lecturer in Bangladesh Studies Department of Business Administration ManaratRead MoreNutrition During Pregnancy1417 Words à |à 6 PagesNutrition during Pregnancy by Amy V. Haas [Editors Note: This article first appeared in Having a Baby Today Issue 5, Spring 2002.] Photos by Jennifer Rosenberg The single most important thing that you can do for your baby is to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet. A well-balanced diet is one that includes foods from all food groups in appropriate amounts, so as to ensure proper nutrition. Proper nutrition ensures that all essential nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals andRead MoreNew Product Development Process9775 Words à |à 40 PagesJERUSALEM ARTICHOKE TRUFFLES button mushroom puree, black trumpet soil, fried oyster root 10â⠬ CRISPY RAPPAHANNOCK OYSTERS hay smoked grits, goot essa sharp cheddar cheese, bbq sauce 11â⠬ ROASTED WHITE BEETS champagne pomegranate glaze, aged balsamico, sweet grass dairy camembert 6â⠬ PATOWMACK FARM WINTER BLEND crunchy head lettuce, winter radish, farm egg mimosa, french dressing, garlic toast 6â⠬ SWEET POTATO GNOCCHI pork fatback, black trumpet mushrooms, baby spinach, apple consommà © 8â⠬ Read MoreJews Without Money2111 Words à |à 9 Pageshalf-rotten bananas. We find out Mikeââ¬â¢s mother is the central figure in the family. She supports them by working in a cafeteria and cleaning various apartments. After and before work, she takes care of her ill husband and children. On a terribly snowy winter day, Mikeââ¬â¢s younger sister, Esther, goes out into the streets to collect wood for the stove where she is run over by a truck and dies. A lawyer comes to their home and says that if the mother and father sign a paper, he will get them a thousand dollarsRead MoreSample Resume : Regional Cuisine6414 Words à |à 26 Pageswhich is mainly characterized by warm winters, hot summer with minor snow fall, frost and abundance of rainfall. Spring and autumn seasons considered being best seasons for travelling in Guangdong but sometimes humid and hot weather can be very tired for tourists. Normally Guangdong spring is in-between February till March, summer April till September, autumn October till November Autumn which is basically sunny and cool. Guangdong got quite short time of winter December to January. [TravelChinaGuideRead MoreMy Research On Culinary Products2739 Words à |à 11 Pageson culinary products. I have chosen this TOPIC because this is the basic ingredients from where many warm dish start, so I think it is good start. So, I want to learn more about onion. it is presumed that our ancestors discovered and started eating wild onions very early long before farming or even before writting was invented, so in my research I didnââ¬â¢t find exact time it comes in lime light, This humble vegetable was key food in the prehistoric diet. It is a most popular and versatile vegetablesRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words à |à 76 Pagesmeadows, white snow, round table, blue skies, pale complexion, lofty mountains, and the like, the adjectiv es ar more logical attribute than epithets. They indicate those qualities of the objects which may be regarded as generally recognized. But in wild wind, loud ocean, remorseless dash of billows, formidable waves, heart-burning smile, the adjectives do not point to inherent qualities of the object described. They are subjectively evaluative. The epithet makes a strong impact on the readerRead MoreNutrition Assignment 412450 Words à |à 50 Pageskale and Brussels sprouts) 250 mg * Fruit Complex (from oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits limes) 250 mg * Spirulina 250 mg * Citrus Bioflavonoids 75 mg * Acidophilus 25 mg * Sopy Isoflavones (40% Complex) 25 mg * Mushroom Complex (from shitake, reishi, and maitake) 30 mg * para-aminobenzoic acid 50 mg * Hesperidin Complex 25 mg * Rutin (buck wheat) 25 mg * Quercetin Dihydrate 5 mg * RNA/DNA Complex 10 mg * Choline Bitartrate 50 mg * Read MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words à |à 128 PagesUniversity, [available at: http://philosophy.lander.edu/ oriental/main.html, last visited 21-05-2012]. Chan, Adrian (1993), ââ¬Å"Confucianism and Dengââ¬â¢s Chinaâ⬠in: Lee, Mabel Syrokomla-Stefanowska, A.D. [eds.], Modernization of the Chinese Past, Broadway: Wild Peony, 16-24. Craig, Timothy J. King, Richard [eds.] (2002), Global Goes Local: Popular Culture in Asia, Vancouver Toronto: UBC Press. Donald, Stephanie Hemelryk Keane, Michael (2002), ââ¬Å"Media in China: new convergences, new approachesâ⬠in:Read MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words à |à 54 Pagessauce and yellow bean sauce. Spices and seasonings such as fresh root ginger, garlic, spring onion, white pepper, and sesame oil are and cloves are also used. To provide extra flavors to dishes, many Chinese cuisines also contain dried Chinese mushrooms, dried baby shrimps, dried tangerine peel, and dried Sichuan chillies as well. widely used in many regional cuisines. Sichuan peppercorns, star anise, cinnamon, fennel, Desserts meals or at the end of meals in Chinese cuisine. Bings are baked Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-6947095673737821342020-01-01T15:28:00.001-08:002020-01-01T15:28:03.260-08:00The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis - 1056 Words Charlotte Perkins Gilmanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,â⬠and Jamaica Kincaidââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Girl,â⬠both tell us that some women have a lack of independence because of being told what to do, having limitations put on their abilities, and having a family member being an authoritarian figure in their life. Both stories are very similar when discussing the lack of independence that women may have. Women are always being belittled or controlled somewhere. In ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,â⬠the protagonist is told what to do. She did not have an option as to where she goes and what she does. She has a mental issue, and her husband believed it was best to put her into a type of facility to confine her. Her husband, John, is a well-known physician. He did not realize thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Her husband hates her to have to write. In the story, she says ââ¬Å"[t]here comes John, and I must put this awayââ¬âhe hates to have me write a wordâ⬠(Gilman 474). It is evident how John feels about her writing. Although, it makes her feel relieved to be able to write. In the story, she says ââ¬Å"â⬠¦I must say what I feel and think in some wayââ¬âit is such a relief!â⬠I would hate to not be able to do something that I love so much, especially when it is as simple as writing. The fact that the protagonist in ââ¬Å"Girlâ⬠is being told what to do and how to do it shows that limitations are put on her abilities. I feel that when people are told what to do constantly, they do not have room to be able to do what they truly want. They are not able to express themselves fully and learn about themselves and what they are capable of. The mother is clearly doing what she thinks is best to protect her daughter from the evil in the world. She is also putting limitations on what her daughter does. There are many sayings of ââ¬Å"this is how toâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ and ââ¬Å"alwaysâ⬠in this story. I think that that is something that makes women rebellious when it comes to rules. Women may sometimes feel that they do not have any control over what they do, so they go the extra mile to make sure others know that they can and will do what they want. In ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Girl,â⬠it does not seem that the protagonists are able to do what they want, or what they are able to do. They are both told whatShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis1164 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis As I started reading this short story, it clearly introduced who the characters are and where it took place. The narrator is a woman; she has no name, remains anonymous throughout the story. She lives with her husband John in a house. This house is isolated from society, since the short story indicates that it is far from village, roads or any means of communication. It also contains locks and gates throughout. The woman is ill and this illness has placed her inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words à |à 7 Pages Analysis of the Short Story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Originally published in January 1892 issue of New England Magazine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper was personal to her own struggles with anxiety and depression after the birth of her daughter with her first husband and S. Weir Mitchell s resting cure treatment she received. The Yellow Wallpaper describes, from the patients point of view, the fall into madness of a woman who is creativelyRead MoreThe Yellow-Wallpaper Analysis1393 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Yellow Wall-Paper Literary Analysis Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses her short story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠to show how women undergo oppression by gender roles. Gilman does so by taking the reader through the terrors of one womanââ¬â¢s changes in mental state. The narrator in this story becomes so oppressed by her husband that she actually goes insane. The act of oppression is very obvious within the story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠and shows how it changes oneââ¬â¢s life forever. TheRead MoreAnalysis of The Yellow Wallpaper2376 Words à |à 10 PagesCHARLOTEE PERKINS GILLMAN THE YELLOW WALLPAPER (1892) The cult of true womanhood defined women as ââ¬Å"ladiesâ⬠(pure, diligent). When we talk about American woman, we have to specify their religion, sexual orientation, race, social class (it is therefore essentialist to talk about ââ¬Å"womenâ⬠in general. Depending on the group which they are in, certain coordinates are applicable. The Yellow Wallpaper is about a white, protestant, heterosexual woman at the end of the 19th century in the higher middleRead MoreFeminist Analysis of Yellow Wallpaper1326 Words à |à 6 PagesA Woman Trapped: A Feminist Analysis of the Yellow Wallpaper The short story, the Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman can be analyzed in depth by both the psycho-analytic theory and the feminist theory. On one hand the reader witnesses the mind of a woman who travels the road from sanity to insanity to suicide ââ¬Å"causedâ⬠by the wallpaper she grows to despise in her bedroom. On the other hand, the reader gets a vivid picture of a womanââ¬â¢s place in 1911 and how she was treated when dealingRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper992 Words à |à 4 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper In the story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman she writes of a woman severely oppressed in her marriage. The women in the story is an open mind individual. John; her husband is a psychologist and thinks that his wife has a mental disorder because of all the free thinking and puts her through the rest cure. Through analysis of the story, we can see that this story displays a creepy tone in order to depict a serious matter at a time when womenââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Paper1245 Words à |à 5 Pagesupholding womenââ¬â¢s rights, such as viewing a woman as a respectable, free-willed human being, are the essential truths established in Charlotte Perkin Gilmanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.â⬠Through the development of the narrator Gilman uses symbolism and imagery to awaken the reader to the reality of what a womanââ¬â¢s life was like in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. Analysis of the symbolism throughout the story reveals that the author was no t only testifying to the social status of the women in society but specifically giving insightRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1496 Words à |à 6 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gillam uses her short story, The Yellow Wallpaper as a weapon to help break down the walls surrounding women, society has put up. This story depicts the life of a young woman struggling with postpartum depression, whose serious illness is overlooked, by her physician husband, because of her gender. Gillman s writing expresses the feelings of isolation, disregarded, and unworthiness the main character Jane feels regularly. This analysis will dive into the daily struggles women faceRead MoreFeminist Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper 2184 Words à |à 9 PagesJoe Purcaro English 155 Literary Analysis 04/17/2016 Feminism in the Yellow Wallpaper Everyone experiences life, whether it be happy times, bad times; itââ¬â¢s one big circle every human being goes through. In the story, ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, which is a feminist story that portrays the terror of the rest cure which is a period spent in inactivity or leisure with the intention of improving one s physical or mental health. Women especially, as it opposes manyRead MoreCritical Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper993 Words à |à 4 PagesCritical Analysis: ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠ââ¬Å"Not many women got to live out the daydream of womenââ¬âto have a room, even a section of a room, that only gets messed up when she messes it up herself.â⬠ââ¬âMaxine Hong Kingston: The Woman Warrior During the late 19th century women, as history demonstrates, were to remain confined to their societal expectations and roles. Women were thought of as the weaker sex, emotional, and fully dependent on their male counterparts, child-like. She was to be a pious Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-66749222462364537282019-12-24T11:14:00.001-08:002019-12-24T11:14:03.196-08:00It 320 Hw 1.1 Essay - 1155 Words John McGee IT 320 HW assignment 1.1 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching on page 3 1. Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that spans a large geographic area. 2. Router: Connects LANââ¬â¢s to WANââ¬â¢s 3. Default Gateway: If a device does not know how to get to a destination, it sends data to this device. 4. Leased Line: A WAN link contracted for use by the customer. 5. Telephone Company: A WAN service provider. 6. Serial Cable: Connects a router to a CSU/DSU. 7. Channel service unit/ Data service unit (CSU/DSU): Equipment that is located in the customerââ¬â¢s wiring closet and provides a clocking signal to the router. 8. Data circuit terminating equipment (DCE): When referring to clocking, the CSU/DSU is thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Out of Band management: A communications linkthat is outside the normal IP network, like a console cable or a phone call between two modems and aux port. Concept Questions on pages 4-5 1. What is the most important function of a router? To route packets to and from networks and computers. 2. Define default gateway: When a computer needs to send a packet to another subnet, it sends the packet to its default gateway, which is also known as the default router. 3. In three of four sentences, explain the purpose of DCE and DTE in WAN links: DCE and DTE are on the circuit ends of leased lines of Telco. DCEs is normally a CSU/DSU that receives information and sets the clocking speed to the DTE. The DTEs are normally routers that send information through the WAN at the rate set by the DCE. 4. Explain what a router is and what it does: A router is a network device, typically connected to a variety of LAN and WAN interfaces, that forwards packets based on their destination IP addresses. Vocabulary Exercise: Components of a Router on pages 5-6 The main purpose of a Router is to forward packets. A router, like a typical PC, has a CPU and memory components. It also has specialized software, which in Cisco routers is called the Cisco IOS. The software provides the basic routing logic. The router also has RAM, just like pcââ¬â¢s, which holds basic diagnostic software that runs when the router is first booted. All of these basic components are found inShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mix of Haeir18481 Words à |à 74 Pages| à | à | à | Delicate Wash | à --- | à --- | à | à | Basket Material | à Plastic | à Plastic | à --- | à --- | Voltage (Volts) | à 240 | à 220-240 | à 220 | à 220 | Power Consumption (Wash Motor - Cold) (Watts) | à 340 | à 320 | à --- | à 240 | Power Consumption (Spin Motor) (Watts) | à 150 | à --- | à --- | à 140 | Exteriors | à | à | à | à | | | | | | Exterior Body Type | à Pre-Painted Steel | à Rust free fiber body | à --- | à Galvanized sheet | Read MoreDesigning A New Type Of Internal Combustion Engine10284 Words à |à 42 Pagescombustion. The duration of the after-burning phase may correspond to 70-80 degrees of crank travel from TDC and the total heat evolved by the end of entire combustion process is 95 to 97% and 3 to 5% of heat goes as unburnt fuel from exhaust. Fig 1.1 Stages of CI Engine 1.4 BENIFITS OF DIESEL ENGINE Diesel engines have advantages over other I.C. engines: They burn less fuel than a petrol engine performing the same work, due to the engines higher temperature of combustion and greater expansionRead MoreHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words à |à 615 PagesUniversity Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Student CD-ROM licence Please see the file ââ¬Ëlicence.txtââ¬â¢ on the Student CD-ROM that is packed with this book. . Introduction vii Ackno ledgements Acknowledgements Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 viii iii 1 Credit and borrowing Flat-rate loans 1 Home loan repayments 8 Comparing loans Comparing loans 13 Credit cards 17 Reducing balance loans 22 Chapter summary t 29 Multiple choice questions ultiple-choice questions 30Read MoreMonte Carlo Simulation218872 Words à |à 876 Pagesclasses of students helped uncover errors in the lecture notes from which this book evolved. Paul Glasserman New York, 2003 Contents 1 Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Principles of Monte Carlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 First Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words à |à 288 PagesResearch? 5 making decisions is likely to be concluded after the decisions have already been made. Who Provides Market Research? Many organizations have people, departments, or other companies working for them to provide market research. In Fig. 1.1, we show who these providers of market research are. Most market research is provided internally through specialized market research departments or people tasked with this function. It appears that about 75% of organizations have at least one person Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-61698115483484942922019-12-16T07:43:00.001-08:002019-12-16T07:43:06.999-08:00Place Free Essays string(43) " often had a bed made up for me in winter\." The kitchen holds a lot of memories in our lives. From the time our parents nested us a home, mother and father had cooked or dined with the family in the kitchen. The walls of the kitchen have many stories to tell and memories to keep. We will write a custom essay sample on Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now If only it could talk about the memories from the heating stove, the clay jar of water, the plates, the sink, the table, and all the meals. Truly, the kitchen is a cherished place. When I was younger, I remember my two widowed aunts tidying up the kitchen. They lived in the province with their brother, my widowed grandfather. When we visited them, we ate in their simple kitchen built with bamboo floors. They came wearing traditional Filipino dresses. They looked so beautiful for me (in their old age and single blessedness), and the kitchen smelled like fresh flowers. The other kitchen I can remember is the kitchen of my grandmother in a far remote place, along the Pacific Ocean. My grandmotherââ¬â¢s kitchen is a big kitchen built of wood. Imagine how old houses looked. There was firewood, big cooking utensils, as if theyââ¬â¢re always serving 100 people everyday. There were sacks of rice piled on top of the other. Chickens were roaming in the backyard, down the back kitchen door. I donââ¬â¢t know why I can always remember kitchens, even when I go to other homes, in different places. I love that kitchen part of the house. Many people say ââ¬Å"The kitchen and the toilet are very important rooms in the house. They must be kept clean and orderly at all times. â⬠Now, I have my own kitchen where I raised my kids. And as theyââ¬â¢re grown ups, I like to work and write here. When I read Afred Kazinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Kitchen,â⬠it delighted me by what Kazin saw in the life of her mother. He focused on the kitchen room as the largest room and the center of the house. It was in the kitchen where his mother worked all day long as home dressmaker and where they ate all meals. He writes: ââ¬Å"The kitchen gave a special character to our lives; my motherââ¬â¢s character. All the memories of that kitchen were the memories of my mother. â⬠In his essay, Alfred Kazin remembers how her mother said, ââ¬Å"How sad it is! It grips me! â⬠though after a while, her mother has drawn him one single line of sentence, ââ¬Å"Alfred, see how beautiful! â⬠Article Source: http://EzineArticles. om/4722428 This sentence-combining exercise has been adapted from ââ¬Å"The Kitchen,â⬠an excerpt from Alfred Kazinââ¬â¢s memoir A Walker in the City (published in 1951 and reprinted by Harvest Books in 1969). In ââ¬Å"The Kitchen,â⬠Kazin recalls his childhood in Brownsville, a Brooklyn neighborhood which in the 1920s had a largely Jewish population. His focus is on the room in which his mother spent much of her time working on the sewing she took in to make extra money. To get a feel for Kazinââ¬â¢s descriptive style, begin by reading the opening paragraph of the selection, reprinted below. Next, reconstruct paragraph two by combining the sentences in each of the 13 sets that follow. Several of the setsââ¬âthough not allââ¬ârequire coordination of words, phrases, and clauses. If you run into any problems, you may find it helpful to review our Introduction to Sentence Combining. As with any sentence-combining exercise, feel free to combine sets (to create a longer sentence) or to make two or more sentences out of one set (to create shorter sentences). You may rearrange the sentences in any fashion that strikes you as appropriate and effective. Note that there are two unusually long sets in this exercise, #8 and #10. In the original paragraph, both sentences are structured as lists. If you favor shorter sentences, you may choose to separate the items in either (or both) of these lists. After completing the exercise, compare your paragraph with Kazinââ¬â¢s original on page two. But keep in mind that many combinations are possible. The Kitchen* In Brownsville tenements the kitchen is always the largest room and the center of the household. As a child I felt that we lived in a kitchen to which four other rooms were annexed. My mother, a ââ¬Å"homeâ⬠dressmaker, had her workshop in the kitchen. She told me once that she had begun dressmaking in Poland at thirteen; as far back as I can remember, she was always making dresses for the local women. She had an innate sense of design, a quick eye for all the subtleties in the latest fashions, even when she despised them, and great boldness. For three or four dollars she would study the fashion magazines with a customer, go with the customer to the remnants store on Belmont Avenue to pick out the material, argue the owner downââ¬âall remnants stores, for some reason, were supposed to be shady, as if the owners dealt in stolen goodsââ¬âand then for days would patiently fit and aste and sew and fit again. Our apartment was always full of women in their housedresses sitting around the kitchen table waiting for a fitting. My little bedroom next to the kitchen was the fitting room. The sewing machine, an old nut-brown Singer with golden scrolls painted along the black arm and engraved along the two tiers of little drawers masse d with needles and thread on each side of the treadle, stood next to the window and the great coal-black stove which up to my last year in college was our main source of heat. By December the two outer bed-rooms were closed off, and used to chill bottles of milk and cream, cold borscht, and jellied calvesââ¬â¢ feet. Paragraph Two: 1. The kitchen held our lives together. 2. My mother worked in it. She worked all day long. We ate almost all meals in it. We did not have the Passover seder in there. I did my homework at the kitchen table. I did my first writing there. I often had a bed made up for me in winter. You read "Place" in category "Essay examples" The bed was on three kitchen chairs. The chairs were near the stove. 3. A mirror hung on the wall. The mirror hung just over the table. The mirror was long. The mirror was horizontal. The mirror sloped to a shipââ¬â¢s prow at each end. The mirror was lined in cherry wood. 4. It took the whole wall. It drew every object in the kitchen to itself. 5. The walls were a whitewash. The whitewash was fiercely stippled. My father often rewhitened it. He did this in slack seasons. He did this so often that the paint looked as if it had been squeezed and cracked into the walls. 6. There was an electric bulb. It was large. It hung down at the end of a chain. The chain had been hooked into the ceiling. The old gas ring and key still jutted out of the wall like antlers. 7. The sink was in the corner. The sink was next to the toilet. We washed at the sink. The tub was also in the corner. My mother did our clothes in the tub. 8. There were many things above the tub. These things were tacked to a shelf. Sugar and spice jars were ranged on the shelf. The jars were white. The jars were square. The jars had blue borders. The jars were ranged pleasantly. Calendars hung there. They were from the Public National Bank on Pitkin Avenue. They were from the Minsker Branch of the Workmanââ¬â¢s Circle. Receipts were there. The receipts were for the payment of insurance premiums. Household bills were there. The bills were on a spindle. Two little boxes were there. The boxes were engraved with Hebrew letters. 9. One of the boxes was for the poor. The other was to buy back the Land of Israel. 10. A little man would appear. The man had a beard. He appeared every spring. He appeared in our kitchen. He would salute with a Hebrew blessing. The blessing was hurried. He would empty the boxes. Sometimes he would do this with a sideways look of disdain. He would do this if the boxes were not full. He would bless us again hurriedly. He would bless us for remembering our Jewish brothers and sisters. Our brothers and sisters were less fortunate. He would take his departure until the next spring. He would try to persuade my mother to take still another box. He tried in vain. 11. We dropped coins in the boxes. Occasionally we remembered to do this. Usually we did this on the morning of ââ¬Å"mid-termsâ⬠and final examinations. My mother thought it would bring me luck. 12. She was extremely superstitious. She was embarrassed about it. She counseled me to leave the house on my right foot. She did this on the morning of an examination. She always laughed at herself whenever she did this. 13. ââ¬Å"I know itââ¬â¢s silly, but what harm can it do? It may calm God down. â⬠Her smile seemed to say this. v John d. hazlett Repossessing the Past: Discontinuity and History In Alfred Kazinââ¬â¢s A Walker in the City Critics of Alfred Kazinââ¬â¢s A Walker in the City (1951)1 have almost always abstracted from it the story of a young man who feels excluded from the world outside his immediate ethnic neighborhood, and who eventually attempts to find, through writing, a means of entry into that world. It would be very easy to imagine from what these critics have said that the book was written in the same form as countless other autobiographies of adolescence and rites-of-passage. One thinks imme- diately, for instance, of a tradition stretching from Edmund Gosseââ¬â¢s Father and Son to Frank Conroyââ¬â¢s Stop-Time, as well as fictional auto- biographical works such as James Joyceââ¬â¢s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. We are encouraged in this view by the publishers, Har- court, Brace World, who tell us on the cover that ââ¬Å"A Walker in the City is a book about an American walking into the world, learning on his skin what it is like. The American is Alfred Kazin as a young man. â⬠Even the most thorough of Kazinââ¬â¢s critics, John Paul Eakin, writes of A Walker that the young Kazinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"outward journey to America â⬠¦ is the heart of the book. ââ¬Å"2 One of the few reviewers who noticed those elements that distin- guish this memoir from others of its kind was the well known Ameri- can historian, Oscar Handlin. Unfortunately, Mr. Handlin also found the book unintelligible: ââ¬Å"If some system of inner logic holds these sec- tions together it is clear only to the author. It is not only that chronol- ogy is abandoned so there is never any certainty of the sequence of events; but a pervasive ambiguity of perspective leaves the reader often in doubt as to whether it was the walker who saw then, or the writer who sees now, or the writer recalling what the walker saw then. Epi- 326 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 sodic, without the appearance of form or order, there is a day-dreamy quality to the organization, as if it were a product of casual reminis- cence. 3 Handlinââ¬â¢s charge that the memoir lacks a ââ¬Å"system of inner logicâ⬠is incorrect, but he does identify a number of qualities that dis- tinguish A Walker from other coming-of-age autobiographies. One option that is not apparently available to autobiographers, as it is to novelists, is the removal of the authorââ¬â¢s presence from the narra- tive. And yet autobiographers do manage to achieve something like this removal by recreating themselves as characters. That is, we can distinguish between the author as author and the author as character (an earlier self). In some autobiographies of childhood, where the nar- ration ends before the character develops into what we might imagine to be the autobiographerââ¬â¢s present self, the writer may never appear (as writer) in the narrative at all. The earlier selves in such autobio- graphies remain as characters. Where the autobiographer appears as both character and writer, however, the distinction is by no means always clear. If the autobiographer actually follows the progress of his earlier self to the narrative present, then the distinction disappears somewhere en route. One can, in fact, distinguish between types of autobiographies according to the strategies they employ to achieve this obliteration of distance between earlier self (as character) and present self (as writer). Kazin has complicated this aspect of his autobiography by recreat- ing two distinct earlier selves: his child self and an adult self, the titu- lar walker. It is this aspect of his memoir that sets it apart from other coming-of-age autobiographies. In none of the conventional works in this sub-genre is the present narrative ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠so conspicuous a figure (not only as a voice, but as an active character) as it is in Kazinââ¬â¢s book, and in none of them is the chronological reconstruction of the past so pur- posefully avoided. His memoir, unlike most autobiographies of adoles- cence, is just as much about the efforts of the adult walker to recapture his past self as it is about his earlier attempts to go beyond that self. By granting his present self equal status with the re-creation of his child- hood, he has produced a hybrid form. The central characteristic of that form is the parallel relationship between the quest of the young Kazin to achieve selfhood by identify- ing himself with an American place and a portion of its history, and the quest of the older Kazin to resolve some present unrest about who he is by recovering his younger self and the locale of his own past. The former quest is that story hich critics say the memoir is ââ¬Å"about,â⬠but the latter is located in the memoir on at least two levels. Like the Hazlett repossessing the past 327 childââ¬â¢s quest, it is narrated, in that Kazin actually tells us of his return, as an adult, to Brownsville, but its significance is manifest only on an implicit level; we must infer why the quest was undertaken. 4 Kazin emphasizes the symmetry of these two quests by describing each of them in phrases that echo the other. In the first chapter of the memoir, the adult Kazin, walking through the streets of the Browns- ville neighborhood in which he grew up, describes what it means to him: ââ¬Å"Brownsville is that road which every other road in my life has had to crossâ⬠(p. 8). By going back and walking once again ââ¬Å"those familiarly choked streets at duskâ⬠(p. 6), he is reviewing his own his- tory in an attempt to settle some old doubts about the relationship between his past and present selves. In similar language, Kazin describes at the very end of the memoir how the boyââ¬â¢s search for an American identity finally expressed itself in a fascination with Ameri- can history, and in particular with the ââ¬Å"dusk at the end of the nine- teenth centuryâ⬠which was, he thought, ââ¬Å"that fork in the road where all American lives crossâ⬠(p. 171). The parallels that we find in language are repeated in the means by which the young boy finds access to America and the adult finds access to his younger selfAââ¬âby walking and by immersing himself in the his- torical ambiance of an earlier period. I could never walk across Roe- blingââ¬â¢s bridge,â⬠he says of himself as a boy, ââ¬Å"or pass the hotel on Uni- versity Place named Albeit, in Ryderââ¬â¢s honor, or stop in front of the garbage cans at Fulton and Cranberry Streets in Brooklyn at the place where Whitman had himself printed Leaves of Grass, without thinking that I had at last opened the grea t trunk of forgotten time in New York in which I, too, I thought, would someday find the source of my unrestâ⬠(p. 72). The young Kazin initially found his way out of Brownsville and into the America of the nineteenth century by walk- ing into an historical locale. It is again by walking, by going ââ¬Å"over the whole routeâ⬠(p. 8), that the adult Kazin sets out to rediscover his child self in the streets of Brownsville. One may detect, however, an ironic tension between these two quests. The childââ¬â¢s search is the immigrant scionââ¬â¢s search for an Amer- ican identity. It is, in part, the psychological extension of the parentsââ¬â¢ literal search for America, and, in part, the result of his parentsââ¬â¢ ambivalence about their own place in the New World. The most sig- nificant frustration of the young Kazinââ¬â¢s life was over the apparently unbridgeable discontinuity between ââ¬Å"them and us, Gentiles and us, alrightniks and us. . . . The line . . . had been drawn for all timeâ⬠(p. 99). This discontinuity represented to him the impossibility of choos- 328 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 ing a way of being in the world. Eventually, it takes on larger meaning in the childââ¬â¢s mind to include the distance between the immigrantââ¬â¢s past in Russia and the late nineteenth century America of Teddy Roosevelt, between poverty and â⬠ââ¬Ëmaking outââ¬â¢ all right,â⬠between, finally, a Brownsville identity and an American identity. In the childââ¬â¢s quest, these ââ¬Å"petty distinctions I had so long made in lonelinessâ⬠(p. 173) are overcome through a vision of the Brooklyn Bridge that allowed him to see how he might span the discontinuities that left him ââ¬Å"outside all thatâ⬠(p. 72); and through the discovery of a model for himself as a ââ¬Å"solitary singerâ⬠in the tradition of ââ¬Å"Blake, my Yeshua, my Beethoven, my Newmanâ⬠and a long line of nineteenth century Americans (p. 172). The final element of his victory over ââ¬Å"them and us,â⬠however, was the substitution of Americaââ¬â¢s history for his own Brownsville history and his fam ilyââ¬â¢s vague East-European his- tory. His parentsââ¬â¢ past, he said, bewildered him as a child: ââ¬Å"it made me long constantly to get at some past nearer my own New York life, my having to live with all those running wounds of a world I had never seenâ⬠(p. 9). To resolve this longing, he says, ââ¬Å"I read as if books would fill my every gap, legitimize my strange quest for the American past, remedy my every flaw, let me in at last into the great world that was anything just out of Brownsvilleâ⬠(p. 172). The adult walker, on the other hand, is searching for the child he once was and for the world in which he grew up; his intention is to re- create his old awareness of the adolescentââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"gapsâ⬠so that he might resolve them. By the time Kazin begins his retrogression to childhood, ten years have elapsed since his final departure from Brownsville (p. ) and (assuming that the narrative present is also the writerââ¬â¢s present) some twenty y ears have elapsed since the final scene of the book. Dur- ing that period, the writer has undergone a peculiar transformation. The adolescentââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"strange questâ⬠for an American identity through the substitution of Americaââ¬â¢s past for his own has culminated outside the frame of A Walker in the writing of On Native Grounds,5 a book that is obsessively and authoritatively alive with American history. The young boy has grown up to become one of Americaââ¬â¢s established literary spokesmen; he has become one of ââ¬Å"them. â⬠In becoming the man, the child has not, however, closed the gaps; he has simply crossed over them to the other side. As a child, Kazin thought of himself as a solitary, ââ¬Å"standing outside of Americaâ⬠(p. 172); as an adult autobiographer, he stands outside of his own past. The adultââ¬â¢s attempt to imagine his own history, there- fore, begins with the significant perception of his alienation from his Hazlett repossessing the past 329 wn child self and from the time and place in which that self lived. Brownsville is not a part of his present sense of himself, it must be ââ¬Å"given backâ⬠(p. 6) to him; and ââ¬Å"going backâ⬠reveals a disturbing dis- continuity. The return to Brownsville fills him with an ââ¬Å"an instant rage . . . mixed with dread and some unexpected tendernessâ⬠(p. 5). He senses again, he says, â⠬Å"the old foreboding that all of my life would be like thisâ⬠(p. 6) and ââ¬Å"I feel in Brownsville that I am walking in my sleep. I keep bumping awake at harsh intervals, then fall back into my trance againâ⬠(p. 7). The extent of his alienation from his former self is attested to in the last of Kazinââ¬â¢s memoirs, New York Jew, where he writes that A Walker was not begun as an autobiography at all, but simply as an exploration of the city. Dissatisfied with the ââ¬Å"barren, smart, soullessâ⬠6 quality of what he was writing, Kazin kept attempting to put more of himself into the book. Finally, he says, ââ¬Å"I saw that a few pages on ââ¬ËThe Old Neighborhoodââ¬â¢ in the middle of the book, which I had dreamily tossed off in the midst of my struggles with the city as something alien to me, became the real book on growing up in New York that I had wanted to write without knowing I did. ââ¬Å"7 There is, naturally, a good deal of irony in this, as well as some pathos, for although Kazin does not expressly acknowledge the rela- tionship between the two quests, it seems clear that the young boyââ¬â¢s search for an American identity entailed the denial of his own cultural past. Ultimately, this denial necessitated the writing of the book, for the adultââ¬â¢s search is for the self he lost in his effort to become an Amer- ican. The adultââ¬â¢s problem is not resolved within the narrative, how- ever, but by the narrative itself. It is the writer who establishes the con- nection between his earlier, lost self and his adult self. In doing this, he completes the bridge to America. The writer in this sense may be distinguished from the adult walker who is, like the young Kazin, merely a character, a former self, within the memoir. In formal terms, the two quests that comprise the narra- tive material of the memoir make up its fabula; the resolution of both quests is to be found only in the coexistence of these two selves in the narrative as narrative. The resolution, in other words, is accomplished by formal, literary means. It is enacted by the memoirââ¬â¢s sujet. Given these two quests as the key to the memoirââ¬â¢s form, the general structure of the book may be schematized as follows: Chapter I: The walker returns literally to his childhood neighbor- hood and imaginatively to childhood itself. Chapter II: The walker stops and the autobiographer (distinguished 330 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 here from the walker) contemplates the psychological/symbolic cen- ter of childhood, the kitchen. Chapter III: The walker literally returns to the scenes of his adoles- cence and imaginatively to adolescence. Chapter IV: The walker stops and the autobiographer (again, distin- guished from walker) contemplates the psychological/symbolic cen- ter of adolescence, the rites of passage. The use of this structure naturally gives rise to some difficulties of perspective. Mr. Handlinââ¬â¢s observation that there are at least three dif- ferent points of view: ââ¬Å"the walker who saw then, or the writer who sees now, or the writer recalling what the walker saw thenâ⬠was apt, even though he could not see that the complexity of perspectives fol- lowed a fairly careful pattern. An analysis of what those points of view are, and how they work together, must begin with the recognition that all earlier perspectives, both the walkerââ¬â¢s and the childââ¬â¢s, are recreated in the writerââ¬â¢s voice, which mimics them in a very complex form of lit- erary ventriloquism. Given this, one may recognize that within the narrative the writer, the single informing point-of-view, speaks in three different voices: his own as writer, the voice of the adult walker, and the voice of the child. Each of these voices gives rise to variations in narrative technique. In chapters one and three, the writer uses a fictive device to create the illusion that no recollection of the adult walkerââ¬â¢s perspective is neces- sary in the act of transferring his ââ¬Å"walking thoughtsâ⬠to the written word. The voice of the adult walker, an earlier self who made the trip, is identified with that of the writer by the frequent use of the present tense: ââ¬Å"The smell of damp out of the rotten hallways accompanies me all the way to Blake Avenueâ⬠(p. 7). In these chapters, the walkerââ¬â¢s memories of childhood are emphasized as memories because his physi- cal presence and voice call attention to the context and the mechanics of remembering. Thus, from the moment the walker alights from the train at Rockaway Avenue in chapter one, the text is sprinkled with reminders that this is the story of the adult walker pursuing the past through cues from the present: ââ¬Å"Everything seems so small here nowâ⬠(p. 7), ââ¬Å"the place as I have it in my mind â⬠¦ I never knew thenâ⬠(p. 11), ââ¬Å"they have built a housing projectâ⬠(p. 12), ââ¬Å"I miss all these ratty wooden tenementsâ⬠(p. 13). Similarly, in chapter three, after Kazin steps away from the more disembodied memory of his motherââ¬â¢s kitchen: ââ¬Å"the whole block is now thick with second hand furniture stores â⬠¦ I have to fight maple love seats bulging out of the doorsâ⬠(p. 78), ââ¬Å"I see the barbershop through the steamâ⬠(p. 79). Hazlett repossessing the past 331 In both of these chapters, the writer/walkerââ¬â¢s imagination seizes upon and transforms the landmarks of an earlier period of his life. The literal journey back to Brownsville becomes a metaphorical journey backward in time so that the locale of the past becomes by degrees the past itself: ââ¬Å"Every time I go back to Brownsville it is as if I had never been away. â⬠¦ It is over ten years since I left to live in ââ¬Ëthe cityââ¬â¢Aââ¬â everything just out of Brownsville was always ââ¬Ëthe city. Actually I did not go very far; it was enough that I could leave Brownsville. Yet as I walk those familiarly choked streets at dusk and see the old women sit- ting in front of the tenements, past and present become each otherââ¬â¢s faces; I am back where I beganâ⬠(pp. 5-6). This is, in fact, wha t gives the book that quality of ââ¬Å"casual reminis- cenceâ⬠that Mr. Handlin found so unsatisfactory. Kazinââ¬â¢s technique in chapters one and three is much like that of a person rummaging through an attic full of memorabilia. Each street, each shop serves to spark a particular memory. There is, of course, a danger in this kind of writing. It teeters constantly on the brink of random sentimentalism. The walker always presents the past in a hypermediated form, never through the coolly objective (and hidden) eyes of the ââ¬Å"impartialâ⬠self- historian that characterize most conventional autobiographies. This is particularly true when he indulges in nostalgia, as he does when the walker inspects that part of his neighborhood which has been rebuilt as a housing project. There he subjects us to a series of iterated fondnesses, each beginning with the nostalgic ââ¬Å"I missâ⬠(p. 3). But in spite of this flirtation with sentimentality, the walkerââ¬â¢s presence is not merely an occasion for self-indulgence. In the context of the whole memoir, it clearly serves instead to highlight the drama being played out between the quest of the child and the quest of the adult. As the walker nears the two significant centers of childhood and adolescence, in chapters two and four respectively, he undergoes a transformation. The mediatory presence of the walker disappears, leaving only the disembodied autobiographical voice of conventional memoirs. Unlike the first and third chapters, in which each memory was sparked by actual relics from the past, these chapters take place entirely in the autobiographerââ¬â¢s imagination. To mark this change, chapter two opens with the writerââ¬â¢s memory of a previous memory of his motherââ¬â¢s kitchen which he compares with his present recollection of it: ââ¬Å"the last time I saw our kitchen this clearly was one afternoon in London at the end of the war, when I waited out the rain in the entrance to a music store. A radio was playing into the street, and standing there I heard a broadcast of the first Sabbath service from 332 biography Vol. , No. 4 Belsen Concentration Campâ⬠(p. 51). This is the voice, not of a rum- maging memory, but of pure disembodied memory. The vision of the kitchen is not sparked by another visit there. In fact, at the opening of chapter two we lose sight of the walker for the first time. The adult Kazinââ¬â¢s presence is signalled in chapters two a nd four, not by reference to his present surroundings, but by verb tense alone: ââ¬Å"It was from the El on its way to Coney Island that I caught my first full breath of the city in the open airâ⬠(p. 37); although at times, he intrudes into the narrative by referring to his present feelings: ââ¬Å"I think now with a special joy of those long afternoons of mildew and quiet- ness in the school courtyardâ⬠(p. 136). The adult walker, however, does not appear in these chapters at all. This transformation, from walker to disembodied memorial voice, draws the reader along the path followed by the adult quester: from the streets of the walkerââ¬â¢s Brownsville to the streets of the childââ¬â¢s Brownsville. As the quester nears his goal, the present Brownsville fades from view. The narrative strategy of A Walker recreates the adultââ¬â¢s quest by revealing the increasing clarity and intensity of his perception of the childââ¬â¢s world. The walkerââ¬â¢s mediatory presence, initially so conspicu- ous, deliquesces at crucial points so that memory becomes a direct act of identification between rememberer and remembered. The present tense of the walkerââ¬â¢s observations becomes the past tense of the walkerââ¬â¢s recollections which becomes the past tense of the writerââ¬â¢s memory which, finally, becomes the present tense of the childââ¬â¢s world. The final identification of writer and child occurs in the two most intense moments of the memoir: at the end of ââ¬Å"The Kitchenâ⬠(chapter two) and toward the end of ââ¬Å"Summer: The Way to Highland Parkâ⬠(chapter four). The first instance follows immediately upon the writerââ¬â¢s recollec- tion of the power of literature to bridge the gaps between himself and another world. He recalls the child reading an Alexander Kuprin story which takes place in the Crimea. In the story, an old man and a boy are wandering up a road. The old man says, ââ¬Å"Hoo! hoo! my son! how it is hot! â⬠(p. 73). Kazin recalls how completely he, as a young boy, had identified with them: when they stopped to eat by a cold spring, ââ¬Å"I could taste that bread, that salt, those tomatoes, that icy springâ⬠(p. 73). In the next and final paragraph of the chapter, the writer slips into the present tense: Now the light begins to die. Twilight is also the mindââ¬â¢s grazing time. Twilight is the bottom of that arc down which we have fallen the whole Hazlett repossessing the past 333 long day, but where I now sit at our cousinââ¬â¢s window in some strange silence of attention, watching the pigeons go round and round to the leafy smell of soupgreens from the stove. In the cool ofthat first evening hour, as I sit at the table waiting for supper and my father and the New York World, everything is so rich to overflowing, I hardly know where to begin, (p. 73) The place and the vision in this curious passage are the childââ¬â¢s, but the voice is clearly the adultââ¬â¢s. Just as the child once tasted the bread, salt and tomatoes of his literary heroes, so now the adult writer achieves an intense identification with his own literary creation: his child self. He sees with the childââ¬â¢s eyes, smells with the childââ¬â¢s nose, feels the childââ¬â¢s expectant emotions, but renders all these perceptions with the adultââ¬â¢s iterary sophistication. The intensity of expectation which the writer attributes to the child is amplified by the intensity of the writerââ¬â¢s expectation that the forthcoming ââ¬Å"richnessâ⬠is as much his as it is the childââ¬â¢s. The childââ¬â¢s expectations are, ultimately, of that ââ¬Å"New Yor k worldâ⬠which he discovers in the following chapter. The writerââ¬â¢s expectations are of a completion of identity which can be accom- plished only through the mediation of form. Twilight and the New York World have become formal touchstones in the literary recreation of his self. The second instance takes place toward the end of the memoir and like the first, it immediately precedes a significant ââ¬Å"passage throughâ⬠to a world beyond the kitchen. Like the first, it also is a recollection of his home, at twilight, in the summer. And to emphasize its signifi- cance as a literary act, the writer echoes the Kuprin passage here: The kitchen is quiet under the fatigue blown in from the parched streetsAââ¬âso quiet that in this strangely drawn-out light, the sun hot on our backs, we seem to be eating hand in hand. How hot it is still! How hot still! â⬠The silence and calm press on me with a painful joy. I cannot wait to get out into the streets tonight, I cannot wait. Each unnatural moment of silence says that something is going on outside. Something is about to happen, (p. 164) The pages which follow this merging of writer and child, and which end the book, complete the childââ¬â¢s emerging vision of his ââ¬Å"bridgeâ⬠to America. In th ese pages; the writer employs a new method of recap- turing and re-entering the past. The walk to Highland Park is under- taken by the adolescent and is recalled by the adult in the past tense, but it is given immediacy by the frequent interjection of the adverbial pointers ââ¬Å"nowâ⬠and ââ¬Å"hereâ⬠: ââ¬Å"Ahead of me now the black web of the 334 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 Fulton Street Elâ⬠(p. 168). ââ¬Å"Everything ahead of me now was of a dif- ferent order . . . Every image I had of peace, of quiet shaded streets in some old small-town America . . . now came back to me . . . Here were the truly American streets; here was where they livedâ⬠(p. 169). The effect is peculiar, but appropriate. By using the adverbial pointers, ââ¬Ëhereââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ënow,ââ¬â¢ together with the adultââ¬â¢s past tense, Kazin is able to convey the eerie impression that he is, finally, both here, in the adultââ¬â¢s present, and there, in the childââ¬â¢s past. The bridge between them is complete. The complexity of perspective and structure in Kazinââ¬â¢s memoir caused Mr. Handlin to observe that ââ¬Å"chronology is abandoned so there is never any certainty of the sequence of events. â⬠In most autobio- graphies, the inevitable discontinuities between present and past selves are overcome by the construction of a continuous, causally developed, and therefore ââ¬Å"meaningful,â⬠story. By purposefully avoid- ing such a reconstruction with its solid assumptions of the reality of the selfs history and the ability of language to convey that reality with- out serious mediatory consequences, Kazin refocuses our attention on the autobiographer/historianAââ¬ânot the past as it was, but history as recreated by the imagination. Self-history in A Walker is not continu- ous and linear, but spatial; the past is not a time, but a place. For the youth, it was a place from which he wanted to escape. For the adult, it is a place to which he fears to return (ââ¬Å"the old foreboding that all my life would be like thisâ⬠) and to which he feels he must return in order to complete and renew himself. The childââ¬â¢s world seems timeless; it is frozen in a tableau, like a wax museum, in which the adult can explore, in a curiously literal manner, his own past. That some of the figures are missing or that the present may actually have vandalized the arrangement of props, only intensifies its apparent isolation from adult, historical life. This difference between the timelessness of childhood, as we per- ceive it in the memoir, and the adultââ¬â¢s implied immersion in history may illuminate the nature of the quest upon which the autobiographer has embarked. We can see, for instance, that the motivation which lies behind the quest for identity is grounded upon assumptions about the nature of life in history. The discontinuity felt by both the child and the adult is not simply between a Brownsville identity and an Ameri- can identity, but between the Timelessness which childhood repre- sents and History. Burton Pike, writing from a pyschoanalytic perspective, has sug- gested that autobiographies of childhood in general reveal a fascination Hazlett repossessing the past 335 with states of timelessness: ââ¬Å"the device of dwelling on childhood may also serve two other functions: It may be a way of blocking the ticking of the clock toward death, of which the adult is acutely aware, and it may also represent a deep fascination with death itself, the ultimately timeless state. 9 The adultââ¬â¢s return to Brownsville becomes, in this view, a journey motivated not simply by a desire for completion of identity, but also by a desire to escape the exigencies of historical life- death, as Pike asserts, and, perhaps more obviously, guilt. The writing of A Walker, Kazin says in New York Jew, ââ¬Å"was a clutch at my old innocenceâ⬠and ââ¬Å"the boy I remembered . . . was a necessary fiction, he was so virtuous. ââ¬Å"10 What is of particular interest in Kazinââ¬â¢s memoir, howeve r, is the manifest content of the childââ¬â¢s quest which offers a counterpoint to Pikeââ¬â¢s useful analysis. The ââ¬Å"fascinationâ⬠in A Walker, works both ways: the adult longs for the childââ¬â¢s timeless world and the child longs for the adultââ¬â¢s sense of history. Moreover, as the adolescent ââ¬Å"stands outside of America,â⬠he longs not only to possess a history of his own, but to enter history. The child is never interested in the past for its own sake; he wishes to be one of the crowd, to be swept along in the irrevocable onward rush of political and social events. Entering history for him is the clearest and most satisfying form of belonging. Kazinââ¬â¢s memoir is not, therefore, reducible to a psychoanalytical model. Since he always handles the issue of life in history consciously, it is difficult to approach the relationship between the autobiographer and ââ¬Å"timeâ⬠as though the writer were himself unaware of the implica- tions of his subject matter. His ââ¬Å"escapeâ⬠from history through the recovery of childhood was, at least on one level, a very conscious rejec- tion of the autobiographical form dictated by Marxist historicism and chosen by many leftist writers during the 30s, the period of his own coming-of-age. Writers in this older generation felt that successful self re-creation, both autobiographical and actual, could be accomplished only by determining oneââ¬â¢s position vis A vis a cosmic historical force. 11 Kazinââ¬â¢s choice of autobiographical form was partly a response to the effect that this philosophy had had on him as a young man. In his sec- ond memoir, Starting Out in the Thirties, Kazin recalls, with disillu- sionment, the sense of exhilaration that accompanied his own histori- cism during the Great Depression: ââ¬Å"History was going our way, and in our need was the very life-blood of history . . . The unmistakable and surging march of history might yet pass through me. There seemed to be no division between my efforts at personal liberation and the appar- ent effort of humanity to deliver itself. ââ¬Å"12 One might argue, of course, that as an autobiography of childhood, 336 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 A Walker does not deal with the ââ¬Å"historicalâ⬠world, and therefore can- not address the problems of historicism. But to do so would be to ignore the overwhelming importance which Kazin places upon the relationship between the individual and history in all of his writings, and in particular in his autobiographical work. By emphasizing the adultââ¬â¢s role in the reconstruction of the child, and by creating a paral- lel between the older manââ¬â¢s reconstruction of his childhood and the childââ¬â¢s reconstruction of the American past, Kazin locates the source of historical meaning, whether personal or collective, in the historian and undermines historicismââ¬â¢s claim that the past possesses meaning independent of human creation. Kazin does not, however, advocate a view of identity divorced from collective history, nor does he value the personal over the collective past. More than most autobiographers of childhood, Kazin has the sensibilities of a public man, a writer very much in and of the world. As we descend with him into the vortex of his reconstructed past, the larger world that he is ââ¬Å"leavingâ⬠is always present or implied. More- over, Kazinââ¬â¢s return to his lost innocence provides more than a mere ââ¬Å"escapeâ⬠from history because the childhood he reconstructs was full of a longing for history, as we have seen. The childââ¬â¢s Whitmanesque dream that he could become an American by assimilating Americaââ¬â¢s past was born of a belief that the collective past might somehow deliver him from ââ¬Å"us and them,â⬠from the feeling that as isolated indi- viduals (outside of history) we are meaningless. By 1951, when he wrote A Walker, he had indeed been delivered by his dream out of iso- lation, but the post-War, post-Holocaust America in which he found himself was not the one which ââ¬Å"hisâ⬠history had promised. It is in this context that the return to childhood must be read. The young Kazin had dreamed that collective history would be the salvation of the self; the older Kazin, even while remaining committed to collective history, realized that history, far from providing our salvation, was the very thing from which we must be saved. The power of A Walker ulti- mately derives from the tension between this commitment to our col- lective fate and the belief that our only salvation from that fate lies in a consciousness of the past. The adult walkerââ¬â¢s reconstruction of his childhood may have begun as an effort of the historical self to connect with an apparently ahistorical self, but the ironic achievement of that effort was the discovery that the earlier self had, in fact, been firmly grounded in history, the history of first generation immigrant Jews. The peculiar intensity with which Kazin identifies his personal past with the collective past raises questions about the relationship of both Hazlett repossessing the past 337 o the larger question of life in history and makes A Walker an interest- ing example of the options available to contemporary American auto- biographers. A Walker rejects the historicism of the 30s and the forms of the self that such historicism produced, but nevertheless maintains the belief that the self is never fully realized until it has defined its rela- tionship to the issues of the times; that is, to ââ¬Å"historicalâ⬠issues. It is precisely this belief which distingui shes Kazinââ¬â¢s autobiography from other coming-of-age memoirs. On the surface, it appears to appeal to a private and psychological explanation of the self, but finally it relies firmly upon the belief that only the determination of our relationship to collective experience can provide our private selves with worth. This belief provides the motivation for the two quests discussed in the first half of this essay. In a Commentary article published in 1979, Kazin wrote that the ââ¬Å"most lasting autobiographies tend to be case histories limited to the self as its own history to begin with, then the self as the history of a particular moment and crisis in human history . . ââ¬Å"13 In its presenta- tion of the latter, A Walker reflects not only the struggle of a first-gen- eration immigrant son to become an American, but also the struggle of the modern imagination, which has lost faith in either a divine or a cosmic ordering of history, to recreate a meaningful past. ââ¬Å"The life of mere experience,â⬠Kazin says in that article, ââ¬Å"and especially of history as the supposedly total experience we ridiculously claim to know, can seem an inexplicable series of unrelated moments. In A Walker, the child and the adult are both motivated by the autobiographical belief that history still constitutes meaning and identity; both yearn for con- tinuity. But by focusing on the context in which the past is reclaimed, Kazin emphasizes the difficulties and limitations of his task and places it on the insecure basis which attends every human effort to create meaning. Such an approach to the relationship between history and the self demands finally that the walker be able to tread a tightrope between the ââ¬Å"realityâ⬠of the past and the solipsism toward which a reliance on imagination and language tends. Burton Pike has stated that ââ¬Å"as the twentieth century began, belief in History as a sustaining external principle collapsed,â⬠and suggests that the term ââ¬Ëautobiographyââ¬â¢ cannot accurately be said to apply to twentieth century forms of self-writing since it ââ¬Å"might best be regarded as a historical term, applicable only to a period roughly corre- sponding to the nineteenth century; that period when, in European thought, an integrity of personal identity corresponded to a belief in the integrity of cultural conventions. 14 By using as his examples 338 biography Vol. 7, No. 4 authors who had come to autobiography from the Modernist move- ment (he mentions Musil, Stein, Rilke, Mailer), Pike has certainly overestimated the impact of Modernism (which ââ¬Å"relativizedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"internalizedâ⬠time) on our basic conception of history. Even within the literary community (and particularly among those, like Kazin, who were raised in a leftist political tradition), there was widespread resis- tance to ideas of time that impinged upon the nineteenth century notions of history. The weakest point in Pikeââ¬â¢s argument is, in fact, his failure to acknowledge the strength of the Marxist legacy in twentieth century thought, and in particular the effect of historicism on modern autobiographies. Even Kazinââ¬â¢s A Walker, in spite of its rejection of ideological historicism and its attention to the subjectivity of the self- writer, retains a belief in history as fate. Perhaps the significance of Kazinââ¬â¢s book lies in its revelation of one manââ¬â¢s response to the dilemma of his generation: their vision of the self, which was shaped and sustained by historicism, collapsed just when they were about to enter upon the stage of history. Confronted with the collapse of this ââ¬Å"sustaining external principleâ⬠autobio- graphers committed to the idea of life in history were faced with the difficult task of defining anew how one might transcend the ââ¬Å"inexplic- able series of unrelated momentsâ⬠that constitute our daily experience. Kazinââ¬â¢s return to childhood in A Walker is one answer. Other autobio- graphers are still trying, with varying degrees of success, to find sub- stantial historical movements and directions with which to structure the past, give meaning to the present, and help predict the future. Even a cursory glance at contemporary autobiographical writing reveals that there are many ways to do this; most clearly it can be seen in the increasing numbers of autobiographies written by members of newly self-conscious groupsAââ¬âBlacks, women, gays, a generation. The belief held by each of these groups that ââ¬Å"their timeâ⬠has come is a form of historicism (frequently unconscious) that allows the individual autobiographer to transcend ââ¬Å"mere experienceâ⬠by identifying him/herself with the historical realization of the groupââ¬â¢s identity. They provide ample evidence that autobiographies, even at this late post- Modernist date, remain both a literary and a historical form. 15 University of Iowa NOTES 1. A Walker in the City (New York: Harcourt Brace World, 1951). AU subsequent references to this book will be given in the body of the text. Hazlett repossessing the past 339 2. John Paul Eakin, ââ¬Å"Kazinââ¬â¢s Bridge to America,â⬠South Atlantic Quarterly, 77 (Win- ter 1978), 43. This article provides an excellent summary and discussion of the coming-of-age aspect of the memoir. Readers interested in a thorough reading of the memoir are referred to Sherman Paul, ââ¬Å"Alfred Kazin,â⬠Repossessing and Renewing: Essays in The Green American Tradition (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. , 1976), pp. 236-62. 3. Oscar Handlin, rev. f A Walker in the City, Saturday Review of Literature, 17 November 1951, p. 14. 4. One might add that most autobiographies are structured in this way: on the one hand, the explicit ââ¬Å"journeyâ⬠of the youthful ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠toward manhood, and, ulti- mately, toward a complete identification with the narrative ââ¬Å"I;â⬠on the other hand, the implicit journey of the adult, narrative ââ¬Å "Iâ⬠backward in time to find an earlier self, Kazinââ¬â¢s memoir is distinguished by the way in which it makes this second journey such an important and explicit aspect of the narrative. . (New York: Harvest, 1942). 6. New York Jew, (New York: Vintage, 1979), p. 313. 7. New York Jew, p. 320. 8. Kazinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"lossâ⬠of his childhood is reflected indirectly in On Native Grounds, the monumental literary history that culminated his search for an American past. That work conspicuously omits any discussion of the contribution of Jews to American literature. Thus, Robert Towers remarks in ââ¬Å"Tales of Manhattanâ⬠(New York Review of Books, May 18, 1978, p. 2): ââ¬Å"The great immigration of East European Jews passes unnoticed, as though it had never happened â⬠¦ as though it had not deposited Alfred Kazinââ¬â¢s bewildered parents on the Lower East side. So powerful has been the subsequent impact of Jewish writing upon our consciousness that it seems in credible that Kazin should have found noth- ing to say about its early manifestations in a history so inclusive as On Native Grounds. â⬠9. Time in Autobiography,â⬠Comparative Literature, 28 (Fall 1976), 335. 10. New York Jew, pp. 232 and 321 respectively. The return to childhood as renewal through reconnection with an earlier, innocent self is common to many auto- biographies and most eloquently expressed in William Wordsworthââ¬â¢s The Prel- ude: ââ¬Å"There are in our existence spots of time,/That with distinct pre-emi- nence retain/A renovating virtue, whence . . . our How to cite Place, Essay examples Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-5274065443653970582019-12-08T04:27:00.001-08:002019-12-08T04:27:03.645-08:00Management Theory and Strategic Management Practices Question: Discuss about the Management Theory and Strategic Management Practices. Answer: Introduction The content of the paper evaluates performance of firms within an industry through evaluation of various marketing strategies. Woolworth is one of the organizations which has been in the news for over two years now due to the stiff competition from other firms like Cole. Woolworth is a general store which stores various products and majorly deal with groceries. Woolworth has been in the news due to various marketing strategies applied by the firm in order to maintain its survival at the top of the industry (Ghoshal, 2015). The firm applies majorly value and pricing strategy to control the general store industry. The aim of this paper therefore applies critical evaluation on the marketing strategy used by Woolworth supermarket. Marketing strategies can be influenced by various theoretical concepts such as industry attractiveness, resources and competitive advantages. The content of this paper therefore apply and critically evaluate how each of the mentioned theoretical concepts influences strategic management practices in Woolworth as an organization (Keith, 2015). The paper also looks deeply into the various resources of Woolworth organization which makes the organization to have control over other firms within the industry. It further provides various recommendations that would enhance strategic management in Woolworth supermarket within the conclusion. Industry attractiveness There are various factors which attracts an entrepreneur to enter into a given industry. Industry attractiveness is therefore various factors within the general store industry that has made various investors to venture into retail business such as Woolworth (Parker et.al 2015). The nature of an industry may lead into formation of specific marketing strategies to ensure the survival of the firm within an industry. Woolworth as a business organization within an attractive industry concentrates on specific factors present in the industry for their growth, survival and profitability (Keith, 2015). Levels of competitions The rate of competition within the general store industry has resulted into Woolworth supermarket being in the news for a long time. The industry has got extensive market as it serves every individual within the country and other parts of the world as well. Due to stiff competition from other firms, Woolworth in the recent past developed price mechanism model where they beat their rivalries exploiting their competitive advantages where they use low prices and customer preferences to control the industry (Knights, Willmott, 2016). Woolworth use both innovative, value and pricing to scare away firms joining the industry making them struggle to gain strong foothold. Entry barriers Venturing into retail store business has got no major barriers compared to other sectors. There are no stiff regulations set by the regulatory bodies which allow many entrepreneurs to see opportunities in retail business sector. In order to contain the customers, market control and profitability, Woolworth applies various strategies to contain competition from various new ventures. The firm use various strategies such as price control mechanism as a competitive strategy to control other firms joining the industry. Resource based view Refurbishment and new stores Woolworths ability to create various stores as per the population growth. The company compared to other firms is able to refurbish more than eighty store yearly to maintain the foreseeable future. Compared to other 23 stores within the business the FY14 and the other 61 stores available within the FY15, the Woolworth stores are refurbished according the customer desires and local customer preferences (Knights Willmott, 2016). Woolworth is also able to develop between 20 to 30 stores annually which is an advantage since most of the rivalry firms are not able develop. Woolworth is therefore able to serve an extensive market compared to other rivalry firms. Online system The organization has developed new system of selling products online. Woolworth enjoys the presence of around 250 click and collect stores in various locations. Online pricing is convenient to the customers as many are able to get what they need. Through online pricing, the organization is able to enhance investments in various multi-channel customer experiences (Phillipov, 2016). Man power and performance Experienced manpower is another advantage that Woolworth enjoy over other rivalry firms. The company have the best marketing strategist who are able to formulate various strategies to control the industry (Keith, 2015). The organization has various personalities who are able to create different marketing models enabling the Woolworth to beat other firms within the industry. Woolworth over the recent past have been controlling the markets due to the competent directors who are capable of developing various appropriate marketing strategies to beat other firms in the same industry such as Cole supermarket. Competitive advantage Three year strategy Woolworth as a business organization has been at the top of other retail organization based on various advantages within and without the organization. In the recent past Woolworth marketing team developed new marketing strategy which has shown them improve on their sales (Knights Willmott, 2016). The company under the management of the new manager has outlined three year strategy which is one of their competitive advantage over other firms. The management of the organization decided to apply marketing strategies which are customer oriented. Price control Woolworth as an organization has been using their stability in the market to control other firms. The management of over the recent developed a strategy of fair pricing to control other firms like Cole from taking over the market. The application and value strategy by Woolworth is a competitive advantage over other firms which must charge fair prices in order to maintain production and supply (Keith, 2015). Woolworth as organization applies value and lowering of various products to maintain customers loyalty preventing them from moving to other firms like Cole. When a firms is stable and able to lower their prices, the customer loyalty is maintained enabling them to sell more of the products. Supplier power Woolworth over the past controls the supplier power which is a major competitive advantage ensuring its growth and profitability (Knights Willmott, 2016). The firm uses various resources have control of major suppliers who are mainly agricultural producers. Woolworth applies pricing and value mechanism to maintain the supplier loyalty. The company offer better prices for various farm products thus able to retain the supplier power. Conclusion The main objective of the paper according to the above analysis was to critically review the extent to which theoretical as well as various literature on the linkage between the type of strategy used by a firm, resources of the firm, core competencies and the competitive advantage. The paper was also aimed at providing various recommendations to the firm to ensure its survival and profitability (Ghoshal, 2015). It is therefore clear from the above discussion that core competencies, market advantage, industry attractiveness and resources determines the choice of strategy employed by a firm. It therefore recommended that the firm should devote various resources together with the core competencies to acquire a competitive advantage. From the above evaluation, a firm like Woolworth should use resources to create sources of suitable and sustainable competitive advantages (Ghoshal, 2015). Finally, Woolworth management team should come up with various mechanisms of acquiring several resourc es from other firms in order to develop sustainable sources of competitive advantage. References Ghoshal, S. (2015). Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management learning education, 4(1), 75-91. Keith, S. (2015). Coles, Woolworths and the local. Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, 2, 47-81. Knights, D., Willmott, H. (Eds.). (2016). Labour process theory. Springer. Parker, C., Carey, R., De Costa, J., Scrinis, G. (2015). The Hidden Hand of the Market: Who Regulates Animal Welfare Under a Labelling for Consumer Choice Approach?. Phillipov, M. (2016). Helping Australia Grow: supermarkets, television cooking shows, and the strategic manufacture of consumer trust. Agriculture and Human Values, 33(3), 587-596. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-3541649570915588432019-11-30T16:08:00.001-08:002019-11-30T16:08:03.646-08:00Veitnam Essay Example For Students Veitnam Essay The War in AmericaVietnam is a small Asian country, 9000 miles away from the United States. Yet America felt that its national interest were threatened strong enough to fight a war over there. Their fear was caused by the spread of communism at that time. The role of communism was extremely important in this conflict. The United States had to enter the war to stop the spread of communism in Asia since the North Vietnam were communist. If North Vietnam converted Vietnam into a communist country, it could become very powerful and go on to persuade other countries to become communist. The U.S. believed that Vietnam could become powerful, and it was willing to go through anything to stop that, including sending millions of US troops to Vietnam and watching them die live on TV, and this greatly effected the American culture and society. The Vietnam War changed the lives of many people. By the end of 1965, 184,314 troops were in Vietnam (Alterman 11). Within a year, the number had grown to 385,000(Alterman 11). Back in America, they were suffering as their sons died overseas. All this effected American society greatly. Moms were losing sons, sisters were losing brothers, and children were losing dads. The Vietnam War had a horrible outcome. More than 47,000 Americans were killed in action, 11,000 died of other causes, and 303,000 were wounded(Alterman 11). As more Americans continued to leave for Vietnam, the American people responded with disappointment and that caused the American society to lose faith in the government. At this time a series of protests took place across the nation. Students and professors began to organize teach-ins on the war at university all across America. This really showed how the war had effected America society, causing protests, and marches. We will write a custom essay on Veitnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When President Johnson sent in the first combat troops, and ordered the bombing of North Vietnam in 1965, the antiwar movement in the US grew even larger. Many Americans felt cheated and betrayed by Johnson because they had considered him as a peace candidate in 1964(Thomas and Vistica 24 ). One of The first anti-war protest was the Washington, 20,000-person march( McMahon 303). Opposition to the war also caused students to resist the draft. They refused to be selected for the military because they thought the war was wrong. Many 19-year-old boys were dying. College students received deferments, or postponement of military services, because of their occupation. This drafting was unfair to the poor and working class, and minorities. Poor and working-class men were twice as likely to be drafted, and twice as likely to fight as the men from the middle class. As the number of men being drafted rose, more and more draft resistance groups formed in college campuses across the nation. Peopl e started to stand up for something that was wrong, and they werent about to lose their own lives for a war in which they thought they didnt have any right to be there in the first place. As US troops in Vietnam increased, the antiwar movement also grew, and the American society continued to fight and suffer as it got more involved. I think the middle class people in American society were effected the most, because it was usually them that had to mourn over the loss of their dad, brother, or son. In the spring of 1967, huge antiwar protests occurred in major cities such as New York City and San Francisco(Alterman 11 ). Every kind of person participated in this march, priests, business people, and mothers. Hundreds of men burned their draft cards in these protests. As the US got deeper into the war, American Society was once again greatly affected, because it was divided over the war. Hawks were people who supported the war in America, and wanted to win a military victory. Doves were people who opposed the war, and questioned the morality of the war(Alterman 11) . The rest of the American people were neither. They didnt support the war, but also were worried by the pro tests. American Society was divided into three groups of people, who had different beliefs, different morals, and different ideas. So as more protest were organized, people changed their beliefs and views. It was a very messy period in US History. It got even messier when at a peaceful protest at Kent State campus on May 4, 1970, 11 students were wounded, and four students were dead(Alterman 11). None of them were protesters. The National Guardsmen were responsible for the wounded and the four dead students. Many more violent protests followed the one at Kent State. The Vietnam War was one of the longest and most costly wars in the history of the United States. It changed the lives of many people. Every night American civilians were faced with the reality of a war they could not win on their television sets. The Vietnam War changed the course of the American history. The American policies on foreign affairs and domestic politics were greatly changed by this event. Some say it was a good war, and some say it was a bad war. It was a classic role of good guy versus bad, and communism versus freedom. The war effected everyone and everything around it. Was it worth all the lives and people that were lost? I dont think there is a correct answer to that. But I do know that war brings suffering, fear, and violence, and the Vietnam War is a good example of that. .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .postImageUrl , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:hover , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:visited , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:active { border:0!important; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:active , .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c8207de53daed82c68300d047eab23f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Volunteering EssayWorks CitedAlterman, Eric. Remember the Maddox! Nation June. 1999: p11McMahon, Robert J. The Pentagons War. American History June 2000, Vol.29 Issue 2: p303Thomas, Evans; Vistica, Gregory L. Fallout from a Fiasco. Newsweek 08/28/92, Vol.123: p24 Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-10404314491941356722019-11-26T06:18:00.001-08:002019-11-26T06:18:04.141-08:00Free Essays on Personal StatementTo whom it may concern: It is my great pleasure to recommend Mr. Cai Yan to your graduate program. I believe that Mr. Cai is sufficiently prepared for his proposed study and he will make tremendous contributions to your program with his interests for network technology and his knowledge in this area. I have been acquainted with Mr. Cai since 2001 when Mr. Cai attended my class of Enterprise Network and System Integration. I was impressed by his strong interests for network science and wide knowledge in this field. In the class, Mr. Cai was one of the most active students who often had discussions with the visiting lecturers we invited. The topics they talked with the lecturers included diverse aspects in network area, such as network security, virtual private network (VPN) and special network protocols. As the final exam of this class, I asked students to submit a paper about what they learned from this course or other ways. Among about 60 students, Mr. Cai was distinguished by his paper about Max-Plus model of TCP protocols. His paper contained lots of theories in linear algebra and descriptions of TCP protocolsââ¬â¢ behaviors. However, it was seldom for a first-year graduate student to have strong basics in both mathematics and network science. Due to Mr. Caiââ¬â¢s excell ent performance in the class and on homework, I finally gave him a very high score of 92 on 100-grade system, and he ranked as top 4 in 62-student class. Besides, I also ever took the chair of Mr. Caiââ¬â¢s defense committee in 2003, and as one of three evaluators for his discourse, I was responsible to score for his graduate work. Around the central topic of ââ¬Å"Control Problems in IP networkâ⬠, Mr. Cai extended his research into congestion control and modeling of TCP protocols as well as into discussion of the relationship between network transmission capacity and topology structure in the basis on a kind of Small World networks. Through his master discourse, it could ... Free Essays on Personal Statement Free Essays on Personal Statement To whom it may concern: It is my great pleasure to recommend Mr. Cai Yan to your graduate program. I believe that Mr. Cai is sufficiently prepared for his proposed study and he will make tremendous contributions to your program with his interests for network technology and his knowledge in this area. I have been acquainted with Mr. Cai since 2001 when Mr. Cai attended my class of Enterprise Network and System Integration. I was impressed by his strong interests for network science and wide knowledge in this field. In the class, Mr. Cai was one of the most active students who often had discussions with the visiting lecturers we invited. The topics they talked with the lecturers included diverse aspects in network area, such as network security, virtual private network (VPN) and special network protocols. As the final exam of this class, I asked students to submit a paper about what they learned from this course or other ways. Among about 60 students, Mr. Cai was distinguished by his paper about Max-Plus model of TCP protocols. His paper contained lots of theories in linear algebra and descriptions of TCP protocolsââ¬â¢ behaviors. However, it was seldom for a first-year graduate student to have strong basics in both mathematics and network science. Due to Mr. Caiââ¬â¢s excell ent performance in the class and on homework, I finally gave him a very high score of 92 on 100-grade system, and he ranked as top 4 in 62-student class. Besides, I also ever took the chair of Mr. Caiââ¬â¢s defense committee in 2003, and as one of three evaluators for his discourse, I was responsible to score for his graduate work. Around the central topic of ââ¬Å"Control Problems in IP networkâ⬠, Mr. Cai extended his research into congestion control and modeling of TCP protocols as well as into discussion of the relationship between network transmission capacity and topology structure in the basis on a kind of Small World networks. Through his master discourse, it could ... Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-92121335695749226602019-11-22T13:41:00.001-08:002019-11-22T13:41:04.370-08:00History of Tin Cans and Can OpenersHistory of Tin Cans and Can Openers British merchant Peter Durand made an impact on food preservation with his 1810 patenting of the tin can. In 1813, John Hall and Bryan Dorkin opened the first commercial canning factory in England. In 1846, Henry Evans inventedà a machine that could manufacture tin cans at a rate of 60 per hour- a significant increase over the previous rate of only six per hour. First Patented Can Opener The first tin cans were so thick they had to be hammered open. As cans became thinner, it became possible to invent dedicated can openers. In 1858, Ezra Warner of Waterbury, Connecticut patented the first can opener. The U.S. military used it during the Civil War. In 1866, J. Osterhoudt patented the tin can with a key opener that you can find on sardine cans. William Lyman: Classic Can Opener The inventor of the familiar household can opener was William Lyman, who patented a very easy to use can opener in 1870. The inventionà included a wheel that rolls and cuts around the rim of a can, a design we are familiar with today. The Star Can Company of San Francisco improved William Lymans can opener in 1925 by adding a serrated edge to the wheel. An electric version of the same type of can opener was first sold in December of 1931. Beer in a Can On January 24, 1935, the first canned beer, Krueger Cream Ale, was sold by the Kruger Brewing Company of Richmond, Virginia. Pop-Top Can In 1959, Ermal Fraze invented the pop-top can (or easy-open can) in Kettering, Ohio. Aerosol Spray Cans The concept of the aerosol spray canà originated as early as 1790 when self-pressurized carbonated beverages were introduced in France. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-22159712160852733112019-11-20T23:58:00.001-08:002019-11-20T23:58:03.645-08:00The Most Favoured Colour Used in Food Packaging Design EssayThe Most Favoured Colour Used in Food Packaging Design - Essay Example After a literature review, primary data was collected through surveys. Data was collected on how humans associate colors with emotions and then certain packaged products were displayed to catch their immediate responses. The study revealed that while most associated red with a positive emotion when it came to buying the actual product, the product attributes bear significance on the packaging. This was also found in the case of Heinz ketchup and McDonalds ââ¬â their sales were not adversely impacted when they changed their color from red to green. Culture and global trends also influence the purchase decision. For instance, since the trend today is for a greener environment, Coke, while still maintaining its red logo, has changed its packaging to a more eco-friendly material. The study concludes that red is not the most favored color in food packaging. However, the study has its own limitations which have been highlighted and areas for further studies have been recommended. Most products require good packaging. Packaging not only can protect the product from damage but can also promote sales. Sales occur through visual perception and this is where the color of the packaging plays an important role in consumer expectations. The color associations and conceptions exist in the memory and affect how people make choices. This is particularly relevant in the context of the supermarkets where consumers are constrained for time. However, market research indicates that 90% of consumer purchases are the result of a deliberate search and only 10% of purchases are made on impulse. And of those planned purchases, 60% of the decision to buy involves color (Rodemann 1999, p170).à Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-52924920103404694762019-11-19T06:16:00.001-08:002019-11-19T06:16:04.502-08:00Mandatory Written Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsMandatory Written Assignment - Essay Example It was because of this reason that Ku Klux Klan was formed as a racist terrorist organization and its main aim was to drive black people out of politics. This group re-emerged in 1960s and fought against the Civil Rights Movements in the South. Ku Klux Klan traces its roots in 1866 when a group of six soldiers who had participated in the confederation war came together and formed a social club. They used to call themselves ââ¬Å"kuklosâ⬠which is a name borrowed from their Greek college. Later on they changed the name to become "Ku Klux Klan." The members of this group developed a habit of walking in the night disguised in masks and robes. It did not take long before they transformed themselves into a political movement and started controlling former black slaves that had just been freed following the civil war. The members of this group did not want anything to do with black and so did everything to ensure that the black community does not gain good jobs or political freedom. For example, in 1869 this group terrorized black voters and rebelled against the Republican governments in the South. This group became very powerful as it had members from the White community who were highly respected1. Activities of KKK seemed to be supported by some of the court ruling of the Supreme Court. Republicans government did all they could possibly do to pass laws to stop this organizations from going on with their activities. Unfortunately, Supreme Court made a ruling in 1883 stopping the Congress from trying to make racial discrimination an illegal activity. The ruling said that the Congress lacked the authority to bring to an end or illegalize discriminative activities done by individuals or organizations. This ruling discouraged the national government from carrying on with its efforts of protecting the people from the black community. In general, the Klan community was highly respected and celebrated by the whites who saw Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-91887026213277245252019-11-16T18:48:00.001-08:002019-11-16T18:48:03.662-08:00Pizza Hut Report Correction1 Essay Example for Free Pizza Hut Report Correction1 Essay Pizza Hut, Inc. is the largest pizza restaurant in the world in terms of both the number of outlets and the percentage of market share it holds. On June 15th, 1958, two brothers Dan and Frank Carney opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant in Wichita, Kansas. A friend suggested to them that they should open a pizza palor, the brothers agreed that the idea could prove successful. The Carney brothers borrowed $600 from their mother to start the business with friend John Bender. Renting a small building in downtown Wichita and purchasing second hand equipment to make pizzaz, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant. On the opening night of the restaurant, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. Pizza Hut, Inc. oversees more than 11,000 pizza restaurants and delivery outlets in 90 countries, for example, Trinidad and Tobago, worldwide. A Pizza Hut restaurant is characterized by a particular freestanding design with a prominent red roof. The restaurants are full-service, eat- in/carryout with about 60-90 seatings, open from 11 a. m. to midnight. Pizza Hut delivers pizzas, pasta and wings. They were not only the first to provide America with Pan Pizza, but they were also the first ever online purchase. SID: 1517851/1 Mission Statement Pizza Hut, Inc. mission statement is: We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll be back! â⬠Another part of Pizza Hut, Inc. mission statement is: We are accountable for profitability in everything we do, providing our shareholders with value growth. Pizza Hut core values goes by the acronym P. E. A. R. L. S PASSION for excellence in doing everything EXECUTE with positive energy and need ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. SID: 1517851/1 Financial Summary SID: 1517851/1 Marketing Mix 7 Pââ¬â¢s Product ? Pizza Hut only sells pizzas but deals in a variety of other products such as appetizers, beverages, desserts, pastas ?Pizza Hut mainly sells four types of pizzas with three sizes, namely small, regular and large. Those are Pan pizzas, Sausage crust pizzas, stuffed crust pizzas, thin crust pizzas. Price ? Pizza Hut follows a high/low pricing (ââ¬Å"Price Skimmingâ⬠) strategy. Thing high/low strategy has several advantages for Pizza Hut such as: ?Use to create excitement SID: 1517851/1? Set high price initially to send a signal that its products are best in quality and service offered in excellent. ?In competition either from pizza players or from substitutes, Pizza Hut has also reduced price by maintaining the same level of customer service and quality. Promotion ? Media advertising ?Sales promotion ?Special events and experiences ?Public relations ?Coupons ?Discount Process ? The customers are invited to check the ingredients used. ? Delivery on time or free next time ?Take away refined carryout procedures to provide faster, more efficient service rapidly expanded the delivery operations throughout the country implementing combination operations Place ? Pizza Hutââ¬â¢s first method of distribution is delivery. ?Offers dine-in ?Online ordering ?Largest competitive advantages is the restaurant style facility SID: 1517851/1 People ? Pizza Hut have a standard uniform for their employees ?Employees are well trained ?They maintain the customer and employee relationship in good manner. Deliver consistent standards of hospitality. ?They always appear well groomed Physical Evidence ? Pizza Hut focuses on neat and clean environment ?The staff believes that they are providing the superior quality to their every customer ? They have a pleasing environment ?Nice interior decorations which looks rich SID: 1517851/1 Marketing Mix Summary Pizza Hut, Inc. mainly sells Pan pizzas, stuffed crust pizzas, sausage crust pizza, thin crust pizzas. They follow a ââ¬Å"high/low pricingâ⬠strategy as far as its new product are concerned where it fixes the price higher than its competitors and then gradually lowers the price below the competitorââ¬â¢s prices. Pizza Hut offers dine-in and also delivery, their employees are well trained and well groomed. The food manufacturing process at the restaurant is completely transparent. Pizza Hut focuses on neat and clean environment. They promote their business through advertising, human relations et chetera. SID: 1517851/1 Market Analysis Suppliers ââ¬â Some of Pizza Hutââ¬â¢s suppliers in Trinidad are Arawak, Flour Mills, Coca- Cola, SOLO and Blue Waters. Public ââ¬â The bank, employees, media governments and T. V has a big impact on the company due to the storing of their money, getting workers to get the job done and advertising. Intermedians ââ¬â There are no intermedians for this company. Customers ââ¬â Competitors ââ¬â Pizza Hutââ¬â¢s competitors in Trinidad are Dominos, Marios, Pizza Boys, Joeââ¬â¢s Pizza and Papa Johnââ¬â¢s. The market share in the pizza business is very high due to the amount of brand name pizzas, therefore if you want to go into the pizza business, I suggest you go under one of the brand name companies. SID: 1517851/1 PESTLE Political ââ¬â Political issues may affect the business in different ways. There are political factors in Trinidad affecting Pizza Hut due to competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, taxation and pollution apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. Environmental There are no laws that are really affecting the company environmental wise, However, the company must contribute to the community in some way. Socio-Cultural ââ¬â Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. Technology ââ¬â Todayââ¬â¢s techonology is improving. Due to new technology the company is able to bake and heat products faster which provides efficient service. There are also new ways of marketing for instance, internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Management Information System helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions and forecasting. Legal ââ¬â Due to daily operations, the laws are not affecting this business in any way. Economic ââ¬â Once the countryââ¬â¢s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is high, this will be a great signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased SID: 1517851/1 and they will spend more money. In Trinidad and Tobago the GDP is high which is a great signal for this organization. Reference List SID: 1517851/1 https://order. pizzahut. com/home? http://www. slideshare. net/deepankarverma73/pizza-hutreport related=1 SID: 1517851/1 SID: 1517851/1 Module Title: Marketing Essentials Module Code: Due Date: Thursday 16th, April 2015 Word Count: 1000. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6180526613748793086.post-29504780097428086092019-11-14T07:19:00.001-08:002019-11-14T07:19:03.178-08:00Hamlet 8 :: essays research papers Is Hamlet Mad? Is Hamlet mad or sane, and if he is mad, was Polonius accurate in saying that there was a “method to his madness'; In Hamlet, there is two characters who fit a mad description, one truly mad, and one only acting mad to serve a plot. Ophelia and Hamlet, with argument to the other’s madness or sanity, Hamlet’s character offers more evidence, while Operlia’s breakdown is quick, but more precise in its madness. If Hamlet were to see his father’s ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. The fact that three men together, witness the ghost before even thinking of notifying Hamlet. Which makes the claim about Hamlet being mad, seem weak. However Horatio pleads a warning to Hamlet, saying “What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, or to the dreadful summit of the cliff that beetles o’er his base into the sea, and there assume some other horrible form which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, and draw you into madness? Think of it. Horatio’s comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan. Later, when Hamlet tells his mother that he saw the ghost in his mothers room, her amazement at his madness is quite convincing. Another instance of Hamlet’s behavior, manipulation in his meeting with Ophelia, where his uncle and Polonius are hiding behind a curtain.(Earlier in the play it is made quite clear, Hamlets feeling towards Ophelia.) When his complete rejection of her was clearly a hoax. Hamlet’s actions in the play after meeting the ghost lead everyone except Horatio to believe he is crazy. Hamlet questions his conduct in his speech at he end of Act 2, but after a long time of thinking he decides to go with his instinct and prove to himself without a doubt, the king’s guilt before proceeding rashly. As Hamlet told Guildenstern in Act 2, “ I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw.'; This statement reveals Hamlet’s intent to fool people with his odd behavior. This is after Polonius’ comment earlier in the same scene. “ Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t.'; Ophelia with her unquestionable insanity, puts Hamlet’s very questionable madness in a more of a spotlight, while all Ophelia can do after learning of her father’s death is to sing. Ihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17557286046504396232noreply@blogger.com0